藜麦活性成分研究进展

藜麦是苋科藜属一年生双子叶植物, 作为一种营养价值突出的功能性健康食品, 不仅富含多酚、黄酮、皂苷、多糖、多肽、蜕皮激素等活性成分, 还含有丰富的维生素、必需氨基酸、矿物质(K、P、Mg、Ca、Zn、Fe)等营养物质, 具有均衡补充营养、增强机体功能、抗氧化、降血糖、降血脂、抗炎、提高免疫、防治心血管疾病以及抗菌抗溃疡等生理活性, 尤其适于高血糖、高血压、高血脂、心脏病等慢性病人群及婴幼儿、孕产妇、儿童、学生、老年人等人群食用。藜麦因其全面的营养价值和食用功能特性, 且优于大多数谷物, 成为适宜人类食用的全营养食品。本文综述藜麦的活性成分及其生理功能作用, 并展望其在食品工业中的发展前景, 旨在对藜麦产业、食品保健和医药研发等领域提供重要的参考价值。

Research Progress on Bioactive Components of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), a dicotyledon belonging to Amaranthaceae family, has been regarded as a functional healthy food because of its excellent nutritional characteristics. Quinoa has been most widely commercialized, consumed and also studied for their high contents of vitamin, essential amino acids, minerals and bioactive compounds. Indeed, the presence of these bioactive compounds in quinoa seeds well leads to their being considered a ‘‘functional food”. The bioactive compounds mainly consist of polyphenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins), saponins, polysaccharides, polypeptides, ecdysone and aliphatic acids, and are confirmed as the main constituents of quinoa secondary metabolite, with activities in antioxidant, antidiabetics, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-inflammatory, enhancing immune, preventing cardiovascular diseases and antibacterial. The popularity of quinoa has increased in recent years due to the claims of benefits to health and superfood qualities. This paper reviews the function of bioactive compounds in quinoa, and its research and development of related products in future. It is intended to provide important references to the quinoa industry, food health and pharmaceutical research and development.