高产小麦品种栽培正交试验

目的]为滨州市小麦产量由中产向高产过渡提供依据。方法]通过正交试验和单因素试验,研究品种、行距、播量、尿素和过磷酸钙对小麦产量的影响。结果]在该试验条件下,各因素对小麦产量影响的主次顺序为:尿素>过磷酸钙>品种>播量>行距,最优处理组合为品种辐63,行距16.7 cm,播量90.0 kg/hm2,尿素360 kg/hm2,过磷酸钙1 500 kg/hm2,产量达7 413.0 kg/hm2。方差分析表明氮肥是影响小麦产量高低的主要因素。单因素试验表明在该试验条件下,尿素以450kg/hm2为宜,播量以82.5～105.0kg/hm2即基本苗165万～210万株/hm2为宜。结论]低产薄地施过磷酸钙1 500 kg/hm2、尿素525～600 kg/hm2,肥地施尿素450 kg/hm2,过磷酸钙750 kg/hm2,基本苗120～180万株/hm2,行距20～25 cm,小麦产量才能达到7 500 kg/hm2。

Study on the High-yield Cultivation Technology of Wheat Variety by Orthogonal Experiment

Objective] The purpose of the study was to supply foundation for the transition from middle yield to high yield of wheat output in Binzhou city.Method] The effects of variety,distance between rows,sowing quantity,urea and calcium superphosphate on wheat output were studied through orthogonal and single factor experiments.Result] Under the experiment condition,the effects of various factors on wheat output in order were urea > calcium superphosphate > variety > sowing quantity > distance between rows and the optimum treatment combination was variety Fu 63 with distance between rows at 16.7 cm and sowing quantity at 90.0 kg/hm2 and fertilizing urea at 360 kg/hm2 and calcium superphosphate at 1 500 kg/hm2,and its yield was up to 7 413.0 kg/hm2.Variance analysis showed that nitrogen fertilizer was the main factor affecting wheat output.The single factor experiment showed that under the experiment condition,fertilization of urea at 450 kg/hm2 was suitable,the sowing quantity of 82.5-105.0 kg/hm2(basic seedlings of 1.65×106-2.10×106 plants/hm2) was suitable.Conclusion] Fertilizing calcium superphosphate at 1 500 kg/hm2 and urea at 525-600kg/hm2 in low-yield and barren field,applying urea at 450 kg/hm2 and calcium superphosphate at 750 kg/hm2 in fertile field,with basic seedlings at 1.20×106-1.80×106 plants/hm2 and distance between rows at 20-25 cm could make wheat output reach 7 500 kg/hm2.