甜樱桃实生后代部分品质性状的遗传变异

以31个甜樱桃实生株系的成熟果实为试材，进行了果实单果重、可食率、可溶性固形物、糖酸组分和含量以及挥发性化合物种类和含量的测定，旨在为甜樱桃实生繁殖下品质育种工作提供基本资料。结果表明，①甜樱桃实生后代平均单果重和可溶性固形物含量单株间变异系数较大(32.76% 和20.03%)，而可食率彼此间差异不显著，变异系数仅为2.23%。②甜樱桃果实可溶性糖组分主要是果糖和葡萄糖，有机酸组分主要为苹果酸；实生后代果实中果糖、葡萄糖以及总糖的含量单株间亦存在明显变异（17.93%、17.05%和17.40%），不同株系间有机酸含量及糖酸比的变异系数更大，分别为25.67%和35.22%。③从31个甜樱桃实生株系的果实中共鉴定出烃类、醇类、酯类、酮类、醛类5类113种挥发性化合物，各实生株系的果实中挥发性化合物种类数、各类挥发性化合物种类数及其含量以及主要挥发性化合物相对含量等均存在更广泛的遗传变异，遗传多样性更为丰富。总之，31个甜樱桃实生株系果实品质性状存在广泛的遗传变异，为进一步筛选优良单株提供了可能性。

Variation of Parts of Characters about Sweet Cherry Naturally Pollinated Seedlings

In order to evaluate genetic variation of the sweet cherry naturally pollinated seedlings indicated by the fruit weight, edibility, SSC, components and contents of sugar, organic acid and aroma, 31 seedlings were analyzed in this experiment. The aim of this study was to provide original data and information to instruct the chance seedling selection. The results indicated: ①The fruit weight and SSC content revealed rich genetic diversity in the sweet cherry naturally pollinated seedlings whose coefficients were 32.67% and 20.03%. However the coefficient of the edibility was lower (2.23%) which showed a narrower variation range. ②The contents of fructose, glucose and total sugar in the sweet cherry naturally pollinated seedlings also changed a lot. Their coefficients were 17.93%、17.05% and 17.40% respectively. And the coefficients of the contents of organic acid and sugar/acid value were larger, which were 25.67% and 35.22%. ③Ripe fruits of 31 sweet cherries were analyzed using head space-solid phase micro-extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed considerable genetic variations in these aspects: the number of volatile components category, the categories and contents of each kind of compounds and contents of main components. There were 113 compounds in total belonging to 5 classes detected, including esters, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes and hydrocarbons. In conclusion, the 31 sweet cherry seedlings showed wider variation range which indicated the possibility to obtain superior seedling.