测定应力集中系数的灰色建模方法

通过对带轴肩的扭转圆轴、带双凹槽的拉伸板条、带偏心孔的纯弯曲梁等几种典型构件在应力集中处进行应变电测，利用灰色系统理论对测试数据进行累加生成处理、模型识别，建立了应变分布的灰色模型，用该模型求出了应力集中处的应力集中系数。结果表明：与目前常用的数据处理方法比较，灰色建模方法具有所需测试数据少、预测精度高等优点，非常适用于构件应力集中系数的实时测定。

Gray Modeling Method for Prediction of Stress Concentration

Stress concentration is a main cause of the damage of mechanical components, and the determination of stress concentration factors is important to engineering designs. The strain measurements were taken on several typical components, such as a torsion circular axis with shoulders, a tension plate with double troughs, and a bending beam with an eccentricity hole. A gray model of strain distribution, used for determining the stress concentration factors on the area with stress concentration, was developed based on the accumulation generation of testing data and the parameter recognition by the gray theory. The works come to the conclusion that the gray modeling method has features of precision in prediction and requirement of less testing data, and is feasible to a real time testing of strain and stress intensity factors of stress concentration components.