盐酸沙拉沙星胶囊对家蚕细菌性败血病的防治研究

盐酸沙拉沙星胶囊是以兽用喹诺酮类药物盐酸沙拉沙星为主要成分制成的蚕用抗菌药剂。盐酸沙拉沙星胶囊对家蚕细菌性败血病的防治效果试验表明,用100mg/L盐酸沙拉沙星药液给感染卒倒芽孢杆菌的4龄起蚕连续添食3d(第1天添食24h,第2、3天每天添食6h),对家蚕败血病的防治效果与用500mg/L盐酸诺氟沙星药液、125mg/L盐酸环丙沙星药液添食的防治效果无明显差异(P0.05);用400mg/L盐酸沙拉沙星药液给感染灵菌的4龄起蚕连续添食3d(添食方法同上),对家蚕败血病的防治效果明显优于用500mg/L盐酸诺氟沙星药液、250mg/L盐酸环丙沙星药液添食的防治效果(P0.05),与用500mg/L盐酸环丙沙星药液添食的防治效果无明显差异(P0.05)。盐酸沙拉沙星对卒倒芽孢杆菌、灵菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为1.25、5μg/mL,最低杀菌浓度分别为5、10μg/mL。分别给4龄、5龄家蚕添食400、800、1200、2000mg/L的盐酸沙拉沙星药液,对家蚕的生长发育、茧质和丝质均未见明显不良影响(t检验,P0.05),且不存在明显的剂量-反应关系。分别给5龄第4天家蚕添食剂量为5、10、20mg/kg的盐酸沙拉沙星后,药物在蚕体内吸收良好,血药浓度-时间曲线符合一级吸收的一室开放式模型。研究结果显示,盐酸沙拉沙星胶囊对卒倒芽孢杆菌或灵菌感染引发的家蚕细菌性败血病具有明显的防治效果,并且对家蚕安全无害。

Studies on the Control of Bombyx mori Bacterial Septicemia with Sarafloxacin Hydrochloride Capsules

Sarafloxacin hydrochloride capsule is an antibacterial agent for silkworm (Bombyx mori) rearing and its main composition is veterinary quinolones sarafloxacin hydrochloride.The control effect on silkworm septicemia caused by Bacillus thuringiensis var.sotto Ishiwata (Bt) through continuous administration of 100 mg/L sarafloxacin hydrochloride for 3 d (administration for 24 h at day 1 and 6 h each at day 2 and day 3) to newly exuviated larvae of the 4th instar had no significant difference as compared with 500 mg/L norfloxacin hydrochloride and 125 mg/L ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (P>0.05).The control effect on silkworm septicemia caused by Serratia marcescens Bizio (Sm) through continuous administration of 400 mg/L sarafloxacin hydrochloride for 3 d (the administration timetable was same to the above) to newly exuviated larvae of the 4th instar was significantly better than that of 500 mg/L norfloxacin hydrochloride and 250 mg/L ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (P<0.05),but was not significantly different as compared with 500 mg/L ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (P>0.05).The minimum inhibitory concentrations of sarafloxacin hydrochloride on Bt and Sm was 1.25 and 5 μg/mL,respectively,while their minimum bactericidal concentrations were 5 and 10 μg/mL,respectively.Toxicity tests to sarafloxacin hydrochloride capsules showed that there was no significant effect on silkworm growth and development,cocoon quality and silk quality after administration of 400,800,1 200,and 2 000 mg/L sarafloxacin hydro-chloride to 4th and 5th instar larvae (t-test,P>0.05),respectively,and no significant dose-response relationship was observed between them.The drug had good absorption inside the larval body and the pharmacokinetic process fitted to the primary absorption kinetics and one compartment model after administration of 5,10 and 20 mg/kg sarafloxacin hydrochloride at day 4 of the 5th instar,respectively.The above results indicated that sarafloxacin hydrochloride capsules have satisfactory control effect against silkworm septicemia caused by Bt and Sm and have no adverse effect to silkworm.