Testing and evaluation of natural durability of wood in above ground conditions in Europe – an overview |
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Authors: | Ulrika Råberg Marie-Louise Edlund Nasko Terziev Carl Johan Land |
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Institution: | Department of Wood Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7008, Vallv?gen 9C, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden SP Swedish National Testing and Research Institute, Drottning Kristinas v?g 67, Stockholm, SE-114 28, Sweden
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Abstract: | Natural durability of wood is determined by the European standard EN 252 for specimens in ground contact and EN 113 for basidiomycetes
in the laboratory, but no test exists for above ground conditions. For above ground conditions, the European prestandard ENV
12037 and EN 330 are used to determine the durability of treated wood. The most important factors for fungal establishment
on the surface and within wood are the moisture content, the surrounding temperature, and the relative humidity. Strength
tests are the most sensitive for decay detection, but neither strength tests nor identification of fungi responsible for the
decay are included in the standards of above ground durability in field tests. To detect decay, visual examination, pick or
splinter tests, and mass loss determination are used. Identifying fungi with traditional methods, e.g., growth on solid medium,
is time consuming and complicated. Molecular methods like polymerase chain reaction and sequencing do not require mycological
skill for identification to species level, and furthermore the methods do not depend on the subjective judgement like most
traditional methods, but are based on the objective information of the target organism (e.g., nucleotide sequences). The next
generation of standard field tests will probably consider the drawbacks of standard tests today and be rapid and include both
quality tests like molecular identification and nondestructive quantitative tests, e.g., acoustic tests. Laboratory tests
can be improved by using fungi identified from field trials and by combining different fungi in the same test and thus simulate
degradation in practice. |
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Keywords: | Decay Fungi PCR Standards Wood testing |
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