光照亏缺对橡胶-作物农林复合系统中作物生产力的影响

为探明农林复合系统中光照亏缺对不同间作作物生产力的影响,以橡胶-豆薯和橡胶-花生农林复合模式为研究对象,测定光照强度、作物生物量、光合生理等指标,研究光照亏缺对不同喜光间作作物生产力的影响及可能的影响因素。结果表明,复合系统中间作区域的光照强度日变化呈单峰型,间作区域平均光照强度为裸地对照的51.3%～59.0%。间作作物的产量显著低于相应单作处理(P0.05);间作豆薯产量可达22.9 t×hm~(-2),为单作处理的85.3%;而间作花生产量仅为单作处理的39.2%。光照亏缺环境对间作豆薯和花生不同位置叶片的RuBisCO活性没有显著影响,但显著提高叶绿素(特别是叶绿素b)含量,降低类胡萝卜素含量(P0.05),其光合能力亦低于相应单作处理。复合系统中间作豆薯叶面积高于单作豆薯,而间作花生叶面积则较单作花生显著降低59.1%～88.4%(P0.05)。综上所述,豆薯比花生更适合在橡胶-作物农林复合系统中进行间作,间作豆薯应该是通过维持较高的叶面积来捕获光能并制造更多的光合产物,从而维持相对较高的生产力。

Effect of light deficiency on productivity of intercrops in rubber-crop agroforestry system

The objective of current study was to reveal the effect of light deficiency on the productivity of different intercrops in an agroforestry system. Based on rubber-yam bean and rubber-peanut agroforestry systems, the light intensity, crop biomass, photosynthetic physiology, and other parameters were determined to investigate the effect of light deficiency on the productivity of different sun-like intercrops and potential influencing factors. The daily light intensity was unimodal in the intercropped area in the agroforestry system. The average light intensity accounted for 51.3%-59.0% of bare land control. Yield of the intercrops was significantly lower than the yield of monocultural treatments (P<0.05). However, the yield of intercropped yam bean was 22.9 t·hm^-2 and reached 85.3% of the yield of monocultural yam beam, while intercropped peanut was only 39.2% that of monocultural peanut. There was no significant effect of light deficiency on ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity of intercropped yam bean and peanut in different sites. However, the contents of chlorophyll (especially chlorophyll b) of intercropped yam bean and peanut were significantly increased, and the content of carotenoid was significantly reduced compared to monocultural treatments (P<0.05). Their photosynthesis rate also was decreased compared to monocultural treatments. Nevertheless, the leaf area of intercropped yam bean in the agroforestry system was higher than monocultural yam bean, while that of the intercropped peanut was significantly reduced by 59.1%-88.4% (P<0.05). The results conclusively indicate that yam bean is more suitable than peanut as an intercrop in the rubber-based agroforestry system. Intercropped yam bean could maintain relatively higher productivity, probably due to increased photosynthesis, by increasing leaf area to capture light.