几种类型甘蓝雄性不育的研究与显性不育系的利用

隐性不育材料83121ms，不育株率仅50％。黑芥胞质不育材料CMSN78091不育花不能完全开放，蜜腺小。萝卜胞质不育材料CMSR1409等及其转育后代开花结实性状不良，且低温下叶色黄化，以上3类不育材料在甘蓝实际育种中应用困难。改良的萝卜胞质不育材料CMSR29551等及其转育后代低温下叶色不黄化，在其转育后代中筛选出几份开花结实性状较好的不育系，但多代回交后不育系配制的F1杂种优势弱，应用有局限性。改良的萝卜胞质不育系CMSR3625等，植株性状、开花结实特性及配合力均较好，有较好的应用前景。显性雄性不育系不育性及经济性状优良，已配制出中甘16号和中甘17号两个优良杂种一代，并通过全国农作物品种审定委员会审定。

Investigation of Different Types of Male Sterility and Application of Dominant Male Sterility in Cabbage

Several types of male sterility (MS) in cabbage were investigated. The results indicated that using male sterility in 81132 controlled by a recessive gene only 50% male sterile plants can be achieved. Nigra cytoplasmic male sterility in CMSn78091 is associated with small nectar glands and un-fully opened flowers. Radish cytoplasmic male sterility in R1cc409 has problems of poor seed setting and chlorosis at low temperature. It is difficult to apply these three materials in cabbage breeding. Male sterile material CMSR29551 with improved radish male sterile cytoplasm has very stable male sterility and no problem of chlorosis at low temperatures. Several MS lines were developed after backcrossing it with different inbred lines. However，it was found that after several generations of backcrossing，hybrid vigor of the male sterile lines decreased，which limited its application in practical breeding. Male sterile line CMSR3625 with another improved radish cytoplasm has not only promising plant growth，flowering and seed setting characteristics，but also high combining ability. It showed good prospect in cabbage breeding. Male sterility controlled by dominant male sterile gene has perfect economic characteristics and male sterility. Two hybrids，which have passed the test of Committee of National Agricultural Variety Examination and Approving， were developed.