长白落叶松纸浆材优良家系多性状联合选择研究

采用胸径木芯与伐倒木取样方法,对24年生长白落叶松优树子代测定林14个处理的生长性状、木芯材质性状、解析木材质性状及其制浆造纸特性进行了研究,结果表明:生长性状、木芯基本密度、木芯管胞性状均存在丰富的变异;家系间生长性状差异极显著;木芯基本密度、木芯管胞性状差异显著,家系遗传力在0.56 0.80之间;解析木基本密度、早材微纤丝角、管胞长度、早材壁腔比、木质素、阿拉伯糖含量、抗张强度、撕裂度等差异极显著,家系遗传力在0.64 0.86之间;晚材率、管胞长宽比、综纤维素含量等差异显著,家系遗传力在0.51 0.61,家系水平的材性改良潜力较大。生长性状与木芯管胞长度呈极显著正相关,与木芯基本密度、管胞长宽比相关不显著;木芯基本密度、管胞长度、管胞宽度以及管胞长宽比与解析木相应性状呈极显著正相关关系,且回归模型较为理想,可以利用胸径木芯各性状值预测其单株值,间接选择和评价纸浆材优良家系。通过生长性状、木芯基本密度和木芯管胞长宽比综合分析选出166、169为优良家系,根据解析木生长、材质以及纸张物理性状选出的优良家系与其结果一致。优良家系材积、木芯基本密度和木芯管胞长宽比的遗传增益(超过对照)分别为48.34%(38.80%)、14.01%(3.63%)和19.89%(6.42%)。

Research on Multi-trait Selection of the Superior Families of Larix olgensis Pulpwood

By DBH wood core sampling method and the felled-wood sampling method, 14 open-pollinated families of the 24-year-old Larix olgensis progeny testing forest were sampled as the research object, whose growth traits, material quality traits of increment core, material quality traits of analytic wood and pulping and paper-making traits were the significant criteria. The results proved that there were abundant variations in growth traits, wood basic density and wood core fiber traits; the differences in growth trait among families were very significant; the differences in wood basic density and wood core fiber trait were both significant, and the heritability among families was between 0.56 to 0.80; there were very significant differences among families in basic density of analytic trees, the microfibril angle of early wood, tracheid length, wall cavity ratio of early wood, lignin, arabinose content, tensile strength, tearing strength, and the heritability among families was between 0.64 to 0.86; there were significant differences in latewood percentage, ratio of tracheid length to width, holocellulose content, the heritability among families was between 0.51 to 0.61, and there was great potential for improving the family trait levels. The growth traits were positively and very significantly correlated with wood fiber length and insignificantly correlated with wood basic density and the ratio of fiber length to width; the wood basic density, wood fiber length, width and the ratio of fiber length to width were positively and very significantly correlated with the correspondent traits of the analytic wood. In addition, the regression model based on this correlation was more ideal, and it could enable to predict the value of a single plant by use of each trait value of DBH increment core and directly select and evaluate the superior families of pulpwood. As a result of the research, the Family 166 and Family 169 were selected as the superior families according to the criteria of growth traits, wood basic density and the ratio of the fiber length to width of increment core. This result is in line with the ones selected out according to analytic wood growth traits, timber quality traits and paper sheet physical traits. The genetic gains of the timber volume, the wood basic density and the ratio of fiber length to width of increment core were 48.34%, 14.01% and 19.89% respectively and the three trait values above were larger than the correspondent contrasts by 38.80%, 3.63% and 6.42%.