冬小麦异地加代中性状变化规律研究

针对冬小麦异地加代选择时选择标准难以掌握的问题，2002~2005年以10个冬小麦品种为试材，在云南省元谋、青海省西宁市和陕西杨凌对其重要性状变化规律进行了两个生产周期的试验研究，以期制定出异地加代选种的主要农艺性状选择标准。结果表明：异地加代，性状的变化与品种的冬春性密切相关，冬性和弱冬性材料在元谋加代必需经过春化处理。异地加代中成熟期、分蘖、千粒重和抗条锈病性的变化幅度最大，其次是株高和单株成穗数的变化。熟相三地表现一致，其它性状变幅较小。依据试验结果制定的主要性状异地选择标准是；冬季在元谋单株分蘖8~20个，成穗6~8个，平均每穗小穗数多于19个，每穗粒数大于35粒。中、早熟材料千粒重48g以上，晚熟材料不低于43g。中、晚熟材料株高75cm左右，早熟材料60~70cm。成熟期以小偃22为对照，最多早熟50天，最晚迟熟10天。中抗白粉病，免疫条锈病。熟相黄亮。春季在西宁的选择标准是；单株分蘖10个左右，成穗7个以上，平均小穗数多于20个，每穗粒数35粒左右。千粒重45g以上。株高75cm左右。成熟期比小偃22早、晚均不宜超过12天。中抗白粉病，免疫—高抗条锈病。熟相一级。

Study on Characteristic Variability in the Acceleration of Generation Advancement for Winter Wheat Grown in Different Areas

Winter wheat can be harvested three times in two years when it is planted in different areas in different season in China. The selective criterion of important agronomic characteristic is a difficult problem because of difference of geographical environment. In order to develop the selective standard and promote the accelerative generation breeding, ten cultivars released in Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi Province were tested in three areas from 2002 to 2005. The results showed that agronomic characteristic was closely correlated with growth habit of varieties. The vernalization treatment is necessary for winter or half-winter wheat planted in Yuanmou. The variability of maturity, number of tiller, 1000-kernel-weight, and the resistance to stripe rust were more than that of height and number of ear per plant. The character of growth period, number of spikelet per spike, and number of kernel per ear were consistent among their areas. The variability of the other characteristic was little. A selective criterion developed in Yuanmou is that the selected plants should be 8-20 tillers, 8 ears, no less than 19 spikes and 35 kernels per ear. For early or middle mature lines, 1000-kernal-weight should be more than 48g and late mature lines more than 43g, while the height is 75cm for middle or late line, 60-70cm for early mature line. In Xining, the selected plant with midresistant to powdery mildew and immune to yellow rust should be 10 tillers, 7 ears, 20 spikes and 35 kernels per ear, 75cm height, the 12 days difference of growth period between selected plant and xiaoyan22 is bad.