| 长期定位轮作施肥对马铃薯产量和水肥利用效率的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 张君,潘志华,段玉,赵沛义,王博-,李焕春,连海飞.长期定位轮作施肥对马铃薯产量和水肥利用效率的影响[J].中国农学通报,2020,36(4):36-43. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张君 潘志华 段玉 赵沛义 王博- 李焕春 连海飞 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 内蒙古农牧业科学院资源环境与检测技术研究所,呼和浩特 010031;2. 内蒙古旱作农业重点实验室,呼和浩特 010031;3. 农业部武川农业环境科学观测实验站,呼和浩特 011705;4. 农业部内蒙古耕地保育科学观测实验站,呼和浩特 011705;5. 中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京 100193 |
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| 基金项目： | 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目“长期轮作施肥下旱地栗钙土肥力演变及施肥肥效研究”(2015MS0379);公益性行业(农业)科研专项“北 方一熟区耕地培肥与合理轮作制”(201503120);内蒙古农牧业科学院青年创新基金项目“长期定位施肥对轮作作物产量、养分吸收及土壤肥力的影 响研究”(2016QNJJN05)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为探究阴山北麓地区干旱栗钙土长期施肥的施肥效应,基于内蒙古武川旱作试验站的长期定位试验(2004—2016),研究长期不同施肥处理对2016年马铃薯产量、养分吸收和水肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,化肥与有机肥配施(NPK+O)或化肥平衡配施(NPK)可显著提高马铃薯叶面积指数、干物质量和NPK养分吸收量,最大叶面积指数为2.19,植株干物质积累量最高为136.53 g/株,植株N、P、K养分最大吸收量分别为3.35、0.36、6.99 g/株。化肥与有机肥配施(NPK+O)或化肥平衡配施(NPK)可显著提高马铃薯总产量、商品薯产量和商品薯率,相比于对照,总产量分别提高110.57%和85.44%,商品薯产量分别提高295.11%和247.56%,商品薯率提高25个百分点。化肥与有机肥配施(NPK+O)或化肥平衡配施(NPK)可显著提高马铃薯水分利用效率,水分利用效率分别为42.98、38.27 kg/(hm 2·mm),相比于对照分别提高104.72%和38.27%。化肥平衡配施(NPK)当季肥料利用率最高,N、P2O5、K2O利用率分别为25.44%、20.78%和61.13%。生产1 t马铃薯鲜薯吸收N 3.79~6.41 kg,平均5.29 kg;吸收P2O5 1.28~1.80 kg,平均1.61 kg;吸收K2O 5.44~11.70 kg,平均7.99 kg。该研究可为阴山北麓地区旱地马铃薯合理施肥提供科学依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 长期施肥 马铃薯 养分吸收 产量 水肥利用效率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/11/5 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2019/2/15 0:00:00 |
The Effects of Long-term Positioning Fertilizer on Yield, Water and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Rotation Potato |
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| Zhang Jun,Pan Zhihua,Duan Yu,Zhao Peiyi,Wang Bo,Li Huanchun,Lian Haifei.The Effects of Long-term Positioning Fertilizer on Yield, Water and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Rotation Potato[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2020,36(4):36-43. |
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| Authors: | Zhang Jun Pan Zhihua Duan Yu Zhao Peiyi Wang Bo Li Huanchun Lian Haifei |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Resources and Environment and Testing Technology Sciences, IMAAAHS, Hohhot 010031;2. Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming, Hohhot 010031;3. Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 011705;4. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation (Inner Mongolia), Hohhot 011705;5. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 |
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| Abstract: | To reveal the effects of long-term fertilization on the chestnut soil in the North Yinshan area, potato yield, nutrient absorption, water and fertilizer use efficiency were studied based on the long-term positioning experiment in the Wuchuan, Inner Mongolia. Results showed that LAI, biomass and fertilizer absorption could be significantly enhanced under the combination use of chemical and organic fertilizer (NPK+O) or balanced fertilization (NPK). The maximum LAI and biomass were 2.19 m2.m-2 and 136.53 g per plant. The maximum amount of absorption of N, P and K were 3.35 g, 0.36 g and 6.99 g per plant. Combination use of chemical and organic fertilizer (NPK+O) and balanced fertilization (NPK) could also enhance the potato yield, water use efficiency and fertilizer use efficiency. Potato yield could be increased by 110.57% and 85.44% compared with potato planted without fertilization under NPK+O and NPK condition. Under the condition of NPK+O and NPK, the commercial yield could be enhanced by 295.11% and 247.56%. Water use efficiency could be enhanced by 107.42% and 38.27%. The use efficiency of N, P2O5 and K2O were25.44%, 20.78% and 61.13%, respectively. The study could provide scientific basics for optimizing the fertilization of rainfed potato in the North Yinshan area. |
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| Keywords: | long-term fertilization potato nutrient absorption yield water and fertilizer use efficiency |
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