丘陵红壤橘园不同地面管理措施的经济生态效益研究

在丘陵红壤橘园上．经过3年6种地面管理措施的经济生态效益研究。结果表明：（1）水土流失，以清耕法作对照，生草法、克无踪、草甘膦、草草克、克克草的地表径流量可显著减少分别为38．8％．42．5％．18，7％，28．7％和37．5％；土壤侵蚀量可显著减少分别为55．5‰，51．7％．39．9％．46．8％和50．0％；流失的氮磷钾养分总量可分别减少60．3％．50．2％，37．0％．41．8％和45．4％。（2）杂草再生率，以生草法做对照，则处理中的清耕法、克无踪、草甘膦、草草克和克克草分别是生草法的55．1%．67．2％．30．3％．36．8％和51．2％。（3）土壤肥力，以土壤OM，N,P2O3,K2O总量增减率看，清耕法为-4．4%,生草法7．1％，克无踪6．9％，草甘膦5．3％．克克草6．2％．草草克6．6％。（4）柑橘的产量和品质，以清耕法作对照，除生草法外，克无踪、草甘膦、草草克、克克草均增产7％～10％；可溶性固形物、总糖量、总酸度、糖酸比以及单果重均达到显著差异水平。克无踪调控杂草效果显著．可作为丘陵红壤丘陵园地水保与培肥兼得的有效地面管理措施。

Study on Natural Vegetation Management Measures and Its Ecological and Economic Benefits on Hilly Red Soil Citrus-Orchards

The observations of the economic and ecological benefits of 6 types of natural vegetation management measures for three years on red soil erosion in hilly orchards showed that:(1) water-soil losses: as compared with the check of "clean tillage",the surface runoff of treatments of sod culture,paraquat,glyphosate,G-G-P(glyphosate-glyphosate-paraquat),P-P-G(paraquat-paraquat-glyphosate) could be reduced by 38.8%,42.5%,18.7%,28.7% and 37.5%,respectively,then to reduce the soil-water losses by 55.5%,51.7%,39.9%,46.8% and 50.0%,respectively,as well as to decrease the N,P,K nutrients losses by 60.3%,50.2%,37.0%,41.8% and 45.4%.(2) Weed regeneration ratios: the weed regeneration ratios with the treatments of tillage without herbicide,paraquat,glyphosate,G-G-P,P-P-G and were reduced by 55.1%,67.2%,30.3%,36.8%,51.2%,respectively,as compared with the sod culture.(3) Soil fertility: the five treatments of sod culture,paraquat,glyphosate,G-G-P and P-P-G could enhance the annual soil nutrients(N P K OM) by 7.1%,6.9%,5.3%,6.2% and 6.6%,respectively,while the tillage without herbicide reduced by 4.4 %,as compared with the original soil.(4)Yield and quality of citrus: the yields of the treatments of paraquat,glyphosate,G-G-P and P-P-G all to be increased by 7%~10%,except of the treatment of sod culture;and the contents of soluble solid,total sugar,total acidity,sugar/acid ratio and single fruit weight of citrus all to be exceeded the difference significant levels among the treatments.The treatment of paraquat showed better effect on the control of weeds,so suggested to extend it as the available natural vegetation management measure on hilly red soil citrus orchard for maintaining the water-soil and enhancing the soil fertility.