鱼类营养代谢性疾病相关基因数据库的调研与分析

集约化养殖条件下鱼类营养代谢性疾病频发，如何防治是目前亟待解决的问题。寻找导致营养代谢性疾病的关键基因，并研究其功能及作用机制是目前研究的热点。高通量测序技术为研究者提供了海量的基因信息，如何有效的挖掘、分析和存储数据并用于疾病的防治显得尤为重要。目前，鱼类营养代谢性疾病相关基因数据库的开发和利用仍处于研究初期。为了合理高效地利用现有的组学数据信息，本研究系统地调研了鱼类代谢性疾病相关数据库，明晰了NCBI数据库中265种鱼类的基因组大小和64种鱼类的染色体数目，获取了Ensembl数据库中17个目58种鱼类的基因组数据，收集了KEGG数据库中41种鱼类的糖类、脂类和蛋白质代谢相关基因。本文可为鱼类营养代谢性疾病基因数据库的研发提供数据支撑，并为鱼类营养代谢性疾病的治疗和预防奠定坚实的基础。

Investigation and analysis of a gene database related to fish nutritional metabolic diseases

In the past three decades, China''s aquaculture industry has achieved rapid development, and its production has always been leading the world. In 2018, the ratio of China''s aquaculture production to world production was as high as 60%. At the same time, the disadvantages of high-density, intensive farming have gradually emerged. For example, an illogical combination of nutritional elements such as sugars, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals in aquatic feeds leads to nutritional disease in fish, which has a huge impact on production. The prevalence of nutritional metabolic diseases has severely restricted the sustainable and healthy development of aquaculture, and it is urgent to address this. The etiology and pathogenesis of nutritional metabolic diseases such as excessive body fat accumulation and fatty liver are extremely complicated. Disorders of energy metabolism are caused by a combination of internal genetics and external environment. At present, the prevention and treatment of nutritional metabolic diseases are mainly through moderately reducing fry stocking density and feeding nutritionally balanced feeds as much as possible. However, there are still some restrictions in terms of genetics. Increasingly, studies show that genes play an important role in metabolic diseases. Finding genes related to metabolic diseases, especially those involved in and regulating the glucose and lipid metabolism pathways, and studying their biological functions and mechanisms of action has gradually attracted the attention of the aquaculture scientific community and industry. At present, the gene database related to nutritional metabolic diseases is in the developmental stage. The genes which regulate the physiological activities and metabolic functions of fish can be obtained from the database. However, the establishment of a gene database network platform for disease regulation is still in the preliminary stage of research. Therefore, this paper firstly gives a brief introduction to the definition of fish nutritional metabolic disease and its pathogenesis. Secondly, the NCBI genomic database was interrogated, and we found that the database contains 265 fish species, and the size of their genomes varies widely. The has a genome size of 0.001005 Mb, which is the smallest. The fish with a genome size ranging from 609.39 to 699.33 Mb occur most frequently, with 47 species in total. There are 36 species of fish with a genome size of 701.7-799.42 Mb. The database also shows the number of chromosomes in 64 fish species, with different numbers of chromosomes in different fish species. Among them, the largest number of chromosomes occurs in Chanos chanos has 16 pairs of chromosomes, which is the lowest number of chromosomes. In addition, nearly 40% (23 species) of the 64 species have 24 pairs of chromosomes. By investigating the Ensembl database, the genomic data of 58 fish species in 17 orders were obtained. Among them, Perciformes includes the most species of fish (23). Next, Siluriformes includes 12 species of fish. There is only one fish species in the orders Characiformes, Gadiformes, Gymnotiformes, Myxiniformes, Polypteriformes, Synbgranchiformes, Siluriformes, and Lepidosteiformes. By investigating the KEGG database, we found that it contains a database of 41 fish species. Among them, the number of genes related to glycolipid metabolism in is 2540, which is the highest number, and the number of genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism is lowest in , at 1075. This paper highlights the number of genes that regulate the various pathways of glycolipid metabolism in zebrafish, and briefly introduces other fish databases and metabolic-related databases which provide theoretical support for the development of the gene database network platform related to nutritional metabolic diseases, and lays a solid foundation for the treatment and prevention of fish nutritional metabolic diseases.