黄淮麦区小麦品种(系)产量性状与分子标记的关联分析

为了获得与小麦产量性状关联的分子标记，筛选相关标记的等位变异，以128份黄淮麦区小麦品种(系)为材料，在4个环境下鉴定产量性状，并选用在小麦全基因组21条染色体上的64个SSR标记、27个EST-SSR标记和47个功能标记检测所有材料的基因型。91个SSR和EST-SSR标记共检测到315个等位变异，单个引物检测到2~7个等位变异，平均3.5个；47个功能标记共检测到107个等位变异，单个引物检测到2~5个等位变异，平均2.3个。关联分析表明，49个位点与4个环境的产量性状及其均值显著关联(P≤0.005)，其中38个位点在2个或以上环境或均值下被重复验证，16个位点与2个或以上性状相关联。对相对稳定的等位变异作进一步分析，发掘了一批与产量性状相关的优异等位变异，如降低株高的等位变异Ax2*-null和UMN19*-A362，增加穗长的等位变异barc21-A220，增加可育小穗数的等位变异gpw2111-A156，增加总小穗数的等位变异swes65-A120，增加穗数的等位变异VRN-A1*-A1068，增加穗粒数的等位变异cfd5-A215和增加千粒重的等位变异wmc626-A170。研究结果对利用分子标记辅助选择进行小麦产量性状的遗传改良具有一定的指导意义。

Association Analysis of Yield Traits with Molecular Markers in Huang-Huai River Valley Winter Wheat Region, China

Grain yield is an important breeding target in wheat, which is controlled by complex genetic factors and strongly influenced by environments. In this study, the yield and yield-related traits of 128 wheat varieties/lines from the Huang-Huai River Valley Winter Wheat Region were evaluated in four growing environments. A total of 64 SSR, 27 EST-SSR and 47 functional markers were used to genotype these varieties/lines. Ninety-one SSR and EST-SSR markers produced 315 alleles, with 2–7 alleles on each locus and an average of 3.5. Forty-seven functional markers produced 107 alleles, with 2–5 alleles per locus and an average of 2.3. A total of 49 markers were significantly associated (P ≤ 0.005) with yield traits. Of which, 38 loci were associated with the same trait when analyzed by using the phenotypic values in multiple environments or using the average values, and 16 loci were associated with at least two traits simultaneously. Some favorable alleles associated with yield traits in multiple environments were discovered, such as Ax2*-null and UMN19*-A362 for reducing plant height, barc21-A220 for increasing spikelet length, gpw2111-A156 for increasing fertile spikelet number per spike, swes65-A120 for increasing spikelet number per spike, VRN-A1*-A1068 for increasing spike number, cfd5-A215 for increasing kernel number per spike, and wmc626-A170 for increasing thousand-kernel weight. These results may provide useful information for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding programs for yield traits.