生物熏蒸对黄瓜枯萎病抑制及品质和产量的影响

以传统化学农药进行土壤消毒控制作物枯萎病,在杀死病原菌的同时会造成农药残留和污染环境,寻找新的控制土传病害的方法是目前亟需解决的问题。试验利用含有硫苷的3种芸薹属植物(芥菜、红圆芜菁和秋冬小白菜)生物熏蒸含有黄瓜枯萎病的土壤,以非芸薹属植物菠菜和化学农药处理为对照,通过盆栽试验和大棚试验来研究生物熏蒸对黄瓜枯萎病抑制作用,以及对其品质和产量的影响。结果表明,芥菜生物熏蒸处理对黄瓜发病率、病情指数、防病效果分别为25.0%、25.0%、52.9%,显著优于其余各处理。小花叶芥菜和红圆芜菁熏蒸处理后,黄瓜果实维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物的含量均显著高于非芸薹属熏蒸和化学农药处理。小叶花芥菜和红圆芜菁生物熏蒸处理后的黄瓜总产分别是10.89、10.07 kg/m~2,是CK黄瓜产量的1.81、1.56倍。生物熏蒸能显著促进黄瓜植株的生长,对抑制黄瓜枯萎病有一定效果。

Effects of Bio Fumigation on Inhibition of Cucumber Fusarium Wilt, Quality and Yield of Cucumber

Using traditional chemical pesticides to disinfect soil and control crop wilt disease can kill pathogens as well as cause pesticide residues and environmental pollution, thus to find a new way to control soil-borne diseases is an urgent task. In this experiment, three different types of Brassica containing glucosinolates (mustard, red round turnip, and autumn and winter cabbage) were used to carry out biofumigation on Fusarium oxysporum soil, and taking non-Brassica spinach and chemical pesticides as CK, by pot experiments and greenhouse tests, the authors studied biofumigation inhibition on wilt, as well as its impact on quality and yield of cucumber. The results showed that the effect of mustard biofumigation on cucumber morbidity, disease index, disease prevention was 25.0%, 25.0% and 52.9%, respectively, significantly higher than that of other treatments. Under the treatment of small mosaic mustard and red round turnip fumigation, cucumber fruit vitamin C, soluble sugar and soluble solids content were significantly higher than that of the chemical pesticide treatment and non-Brassica fumigation treatment. The cucumber yield under the treatment of small mosaic mustard and red round turnip fumigation was 10.89 and 10.07 kg/m², respectively, which was 1.81 and 1.56 times as much as that of CK. Biological fumigation could significantly promote the growth of cucumber, and has certain inhibiting effect on cucumber Fusarium wilt.