菠萝非胚性愈伤组织的类型及其器官发生

以菠萝Ananas comosus(L.)Merr.]非胚性愈伤组织为材料,利用离体培养及组织细胞学等方法研究了其在增殖、分化过程中的特性和再生规律。在增殖培养基上经过3次以上继代培养后,非胚性愈伤组织形态上逐渐表现出一定差异。根据其形态结构、分化能力和组织细胞学特征,可把非胚性愈伤组织分为节瘤状组织、薄壁组织团、致密深层愈伤组织和表面疏松愈伤组织4种类型;在增殖培养基MS+3.0mg/LBA+2.0mg/LNAA上,一种类型的非胚性愈伤组织通常只会生长出同类型的非胚性愈伤组织,但通过改变培养基配方等方法可使不同类型之间发生转换。同时,增殖继代过程中的器官发生现象很常见,通常是在薄壁愈伤组织表面细胞分化成具有分生能力的细胞,然后进行不定芽的分化。4类非胚性愈伤组织都可以通过拟原球茎、多芽体以及不定芽的形式进行器官发生;也可以经胚性诱导由体细胞胚发生途径再生成植株,其中拟原球茎产生体细胞胚的能力最强,多芽体其次。生长素及细胞分裂素对非胚性愈伤组织的形态结构、分化途径以及增殖能力有很大的影响。

Classification and organogenesis of non-embryogenic callus from Ananas comosus

The histological and cytological methods were applied on the study of the characteristics of multiplication and differentiation and principles of regeneration of pineappleAnanas comosus (L.) Merr.] in vitro tissue culture, using non-embryogenic tissue as material. A certain morphologic difference of non-embryogenic callus was displayed gradually after 3 cultures on multiplication media. Globular nodular structure, parenchyma clumps, compact interior callus and surface loose callus were classified from non-embryogenic callus based on their morphology, differentiation capacity as well as histological and cytological characteristics. One type of non-embryogenic callus will generally give rise to the same type of non-embryogenic callus on multiplication medium of MS 3.0 mg/L BA 2.0 mg/L NAA, however, types of callus can be convertible by manipulating the formulation of media. In the meantime, organogenesis during multiplication was common, typically by parenchyma cells from the surface of callus differentiating into meristematic cells, thereby leading to adventitious buds differentiation. 4 types of non-embryogenic callus could go through organogensis by ways of protocorm-like-bodies, multishoots and adventitious buds, plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis could also be induced, in which protocorm-like-bodies had the highest potential to generate somatic embryos, followed by multishoots. Auxin and cytokinin had great impacts on the morphology, differentiation pathways and multiplication capacity on non-embryogenic callus.