鲁北低平原内陆盐碱地不同种植方式对土壤理化性质的影响

采用农户调查和室内试验相结合的方式,研究内陆盐碱地农田管理方式对土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,作物种植方式主要有小麦—玉米轮作、小麦—棉花轮作、西瓜—棉花套种、玉米—大豆间作和春玉米单作5种。这5种种植方式的土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾平均含量分别为20.1,60.1,106.2和170.2mg/kg,不同种植方式间差异显著,西瓜—棉花套种方式的养分含量最高。不同种植方式下,土壤碱解氮含量最高值仅为70.2mg/kg,应适当增施氮肥;土壤速效磷含量平均值高于作物所需磷含量15mg/kg,应适当减少磷肥的施用;土壤速效钾平均值为170.2mg/kg,应根据作物对钾的需求特点,控制钾肥的使用。

Effects of Different Planting Patterns on Soil Physicochemical Properties in Inland Saline-alkali Soil on Low Plain of North Shangdong Province

The effects of farmland management on soil physicochemical properties in an inland saline-alkali land were studied through household survey and indoor experiment.Results showed that there were the five crop planting modes of wheat—maize rotation,wheat—cotton rotation,melon—cotton interplant,maize—soybean interplant,and spring maize monoculture.The average contents of soil organic manure,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium under the five planting modes were 20.1,60.1,106.2,and 170.2 mg/kg,respectively.The differences between the planting modes were significant and the soil nutrient contents were the highest under the melon—cotton interplant mode.Under the different planting modes,the highest content of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen was only 70.2 mg/kg,which suggests that nitrogen fertilizer should be added;the average content of soil available phosphorus was 15 mg/kg higher than what the plants need,which implies that phosphorus fertilizer should be reduced;and the average content of available K was 170.2 mg/kg,which implies that K fertilizer should be controlled according to the needs of crops.