不同施肥结构和酸调理剂对酸性红菜园土的修复效应

采用田间小区试验，研究不同施肥结构和酸调理剂对由第四纪红土发育的酸性红菜园土的酸性、有效养分以及作物产量的影响。结果表明：不同施肥处理间的土壤碱解氮含量差异有统计学意义，辣椒季、小白菜季均以化肥(NPK)处理(40d)最高，辣椒季为(156.80±23.38) mg/kg，小白菜季为(349.35±7.29) mg/kg；有效磷含量辣椒季以化肥处理(60d)最高，为(160.35±31.21) mg/kg，小白菜季以化肥+氧化镁(NPK+MgO)处理的最高，为(211.13±7.34) mg/kg；速效钾含量以化肥+酸化调理剂1号(NPK+SR1)处理的最高，辣椒季均值为(155.6±16.65) mg/kg，小白菜季均值为(278.91±3.5) mg/kg；不同施肥处理对土壤pH、交换性酸(EA)和土壤酸碱缓冲容量(pHBC)影响明显，以化肥+氧化钙(NPK+CaO)、化肥+氧化镁(NPK+MgO)处理能明显降低土壤交换性酸，提高土壤pH和土壤酸碱缓冲容量(pHBC)，其pH均值分别提高了1.23和1.7，土壤pHBC值分别达45.9 mmol/kg和49.0 mmol/kg，其他处理的土壤pHBC值仅30 mmol/kg左右；不同处理作物的产量差异有统计学意义，其中辣椒季以化肥(NPK)处理的产量最高，增产率为226.9%，小白菜季以化肥+氧化镁(NPK+MgO)处理的产量最高，增产率为58.7%，施用CaO、MgO能有效降低酸性菜园土的酸性，促进作物显著增产。

Remediation effects of various fertilizations and acid soil conditionerson acid red soil for vegetable cultivation

Through field experiment, the effects of several fertilizations and acid soil conditioners on the soil acidity, available nutrient status of the acid red soil developed from Quaternary red earth and on crop yields were investigated. The results showed that there was statistically significant difference in alkali-hydrolyzable N content among soils treated with different fertilizations. Treatments (40d) with chemical fertilizer (NPK) in pepper season and Chinese cabbage season both showed the highest alkali-hydrolyzable N content, which was (156.80±23.38) mg/kg and (349.35±7.29) mg/kg, respectively. In pepper season, available P content in treatment (60d) with NPK was the highest, which was (160.35±31.21) mg/kg; in Chinese cabbage season, available P content in treatment with NPK and magnesium oxide (NPK+ MgO) was the highest, which was (211.13±7.34) mg/kg. Treatment with NPK and acid soil conditioner one (NPK+SR1) showed the highest available K content, which was (155.6±16.65) mg/kg and (278.93±3.5) mg/kg on average, respectively for pepper season and Chinese cabbage season. The effects of different fertilization treatments on soil pH, exchangeable acid (EA) and acid-base buffering capacity (pHBC) varied significantly, of which treatment with NPK and calcium oxide (NPK+CaO) and treatment (NPK+MgO) both significantly decreased soil pH, EA and pHBC. The average pH was increased by 1.23and 1.7 respectively, and the pHBC reached 45.9 mmol/kg and 49.0 mmol/kg respectively in treatment (NPK+CaO) and treatment (NPK+MgO), and pHBC in other treatment was about 30 mmol/kg. There was statistically significant difference in crop yield among different treatments, NPK treatment got the highest yield at pepper season, the yield increased by 226.9%, and treatment (NPK+MgO) got the highest yield at Chinese cabbage season, the yield increased by 58.7%. The above results indicate CaO and MgO could effectively decrease acidity in acid soil for vegetable cultivation and improve the yields of crops.