大白菜雄性不育系的育性温敏特性

目的]探明大白菜雄性不育的育性转换特性。方法]以大白菜温敏不育系A和小白菜可育品系"小青口"为试材,进行育性观察和花粉生活力测定。结果]供试的大白菜不育材料属高温不育类型,诱导雄性稳定不育的温度阈值为日均温24℃以上,诱导雄性可育的温区为16℃以下,日均温16~24℃为育性转换温区;在我国北方春季大白菜繁种期间,花期日均温度大多在16℃以上,即使有少量花粉产生,授粉竞争力远不及父本正常可育花粉,利用温敏不育系杂交制种安全可靠;16℃以下的温度条件,在北方冬季或早春利用温室等保护地设施能轻易达到,大白菜温敏不育系自交繁殖的可操作性强。结论]该研究为大白菜两系法杂交制种提供了依据。

Fertility and Temperature-sensitive Characteristic of Male Sterile Line of Chinese Cabbage

Objective] The purpose was to prove up the fertility alternation characteristic of male sterile line of Chinese cabbage.Method]The fertilities of temperature-sensitive sterile line A of Chinese cabbage and fertile line "Xiaoqingkou" of pakchoi were observed and their pollen vitalities were determined.Result] The tested sterile materials of Chinese cabbage belonged to high temperature sterile type,the temperature threshold inducing the male to be stably sterile was daily average temperature over 24 ℃,the temperature range inducing the male to be fertile was below 16 ℃,and the daily average temperature in 16～24 ℃ was temperature range of fertility alternation.In the seed propagation period of Chinese cabbage in north China in spring,the daily average temperature during flowering period was mostly higher than 16 ℃.Under this temperature,even though there had been a few pollens produced,their pollination competitive power was much less than that of normal fertile pollen of male parent,the hybrid seed production by using temperature-sensitive sterile line was safe and reliable.The temperature condition below 16 ℃ could be achieved easily by using protective land facilities such as greenhouse in the north in winter and early spring.The self propagated maneuverability of temperature-sensitive sterile line of Chinese cabbage was strong.Conclusion] The research provided basis for the hybrid seed production with two-line method of Chinese cabbage.