福建土壤分类及其在农业生产上的应用

<正> 一、绪言土壤是自然界的客观实体,也是人们劳动的产物。它是在历史自然因素和人类生产活动的综合影响下发生与发展的。因此,承认土壤和成土因素相统一是研究土壤的基本观点。在重视成土因素及其作用的同时,要特别强调土壤的具体属性,只有以成土条件为前提,以成土过程特别是土壤属性为依据,才能使土壤分类具有坚实的理论基础和科学依据,也才能使土壤分类具有科学性、系统性和更好地为农业生产服务。

SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO SOIL UTILIZATION IN FUJIAN PROVINCE

This article deals with the study of soil classification and its application to soil utilization for Fujian agriculture.The prominent view-points obtained in this study are summarized as follows: 1.The soil classification by its advancement should reflect somehow the level of soil science and make soil science develop to a new status.The modernization of Fujian agriculture creates a new era that we conner help without investigating soil classification of this province for the recent years. Furthermore once again we have to put the theory into practice so that,a new system of soil classification is developed under our natural,ecological and agricultural conditions.Its has been justified that this new system is not only correlated quite well with the development of the agricultural produc- tion in this province,but also enriches the theoretical aspects of soil science. 2.The aim of soil classification is to show the regularity of the material movement inside the soils as well as to discover the regularity of the geog- raphical distribution of the soils.It should contribute to the effective reclamation of soils and the reasonable uses of soil in order to prompr the development of agricultural production 3.The principle of soil classification and the grading of soils in Fujian province are based upon the theory of soil genesis that the so soils are divided into five grades.The soil sub-groups come after the great groups;the soil varieties come after the soil species.While the soil families are the transiti- onal soils between the soil sub-groups and varieties and act as a connecting link between them. 4.The characteristics of this new system of soil classification are as follows: a)Laying emphasis on the grading of the basic categories; b)Treating the classification of soil for agriculture according to the theory of soil genesis; c)Leaving the unknown soil groups(e.g.,lateristic red earth,and yesl- low brown earth)aside. 5.The benefits for the use of this new soil classification in agricultural- practices are significant: a)Employing the high-unit(soil groups)as the foundation and key use for the agricultural regionalization in our province; b)Paying attention to the applications of the basic categories in projec- ting soil reclamation and utilization by the districts and localities; c)Applying fertilizers in accordance with the soil types as well as the nutrient status by soil testing so as to raise the crop yields; d)Planting crops according to the regularity of soil type distribution in order to satisty the characteristic soil so as to gain bumper crops.