广西中部巨峰葡萄栽培气候适宜度及其一年两收栽培技术要点

【目的】证实巨峰葡萄一年两收栽培模式的北缘地带是否在以柳江县为代表的广西中部地区及其相应栽培技术，为充分利用葡萄花芽一年多次分化的特性和下半年的光、温、土地资源提供技术支撑。【方法】在一年一收夏果模式的基础上，采用一年两收栽培模式生产第2茬冬巨峰葡萄，并对广西中部地区巨峰葡萄的栽培气候适宜度、破眠催芽技术、夏冬两茬果产量指标及品质等进行研究，集成巨峰葡萄一年两收栽培技术应用示范及进行效果评估。【结果】柳江县下半年冬果时段衡量葡萄栽培气候适宜度的5项指标均达到葡萄最优质产区气候指标。其一年两收栽培技术要点为：早春日最低温度稳定回升至12．0℃冷尾暖头时，一般在2月上旬进行修剪和破眠催芽处理比较适宜，用含2．5％单氰胺的“破眠3号”进行破眠催芽处理，可促使萌芽整齐，提早萌芽期15d，萌芽率提高45．7％，提前成熟6d；夏果采收完成时间不宜超过7月15日，夏果采收完成后的树势恢复时间不能少于28d；冬果于8月10—20日进行修剪破眠催芽较适宜，最迟不宜超过8月25日；夏果产量以控制在15000～22500kg／ha为宜，冬果产量以不超过16500kg/ha较理想。【结论】以柳江县为代表的广西中部地区属于我国葡萄栽培适宜区之一，同时也是巨峰葡萄进行一年两收模式栽培的北缘地带。通过采取合理修剪、破眠催芽、控产提质、枝蔓生势调控和综合防治病虫害等一年两收栽培集成技术，可获得巨峰葡萄一年两收的最佳效益。

Climate suitability for cultivation of Kyoho grapevine in central Guangxi and its one-year-two-harvest cultivation technique

Objective ]The experiment was conducted to prove the central Guangxi represented by Liujiang County was the area which was suitable for planting Kyoho grapevine and explore the related cultivation techniques in order to provide technical support for utilization of grape flower bud differentiation, and light, temperature and soil resources in the second half of a year. Method ]The one-year-one-harvest cultivation mode was used to produce the summer fruit of Kyoho grapevine. Based on the one-year-one-harvest cultivation mode, winter fruit of Kyoho grapevine was produced by application of the one-year-two-harvest cultivation mode. The climate suitability and dormancy breaking and germination techniques for planting Kyoho grapevine, and the yield and quality parameters of summer and winter fruits were further studied in this experiment. The one-year-two-harvest cultivation technique for Kyoho grapevine was applied and demonstrated in three farmers＇ graperies and its application effect was estimated. Result]The five climatic indicators, which were used to measured the climate suitability for Kyoho grapevine cultivations in Liujiang County in the second half of year, were found to attain the standard values which was suitable for producing fine quality Kyoho grape. Therefore, Liujiang County was proved as a suitable area for planting Kyoho grapevine. The practices for pruning, dormancy breaking and germination were carried out in early February when the lowest temperature raise to 12℃. The treatment of Pomian 3 with 2.5% cyanamide resulted in 15 and 6 days earlier germination and maturity, respectively, as well as, the germination rate increased to 45.7% with tidy budding. The best time for summer Kyoho grapevine fruit harvested was before July 15. It has been observed that more than 28 days for recovery of tree vigor after summer fruit harvesting gave best results. For winter fruits, the time from August 10- 20 was suitable for pruning, dormancy breaking and germination, and best not later than August 25. The optimum yield of summer and winter fruits were recorded as 15000-22500 and less than 16500 kg/ha, respectively. Conclusion]Central Guangxi represented by Liujiang County was found suitable for planting Kyoho grapevine. The optimum benefits may be obtained from planting Kyoho grapevine by applying one-year-two-harvest cultivation technique including pruning, dormancy breaking and germination, reasonably controlling production and scientific harvesting.