土壤磷的动态积累及土壤有效磷的产量效应

采用田间磷肥试验和田间定位监测相结合的方法,研究了不同磷用量下土壤磷素的动态积累对土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)在大白菜和辣椒上的产量反应,探讨用土壤有效磷反映土壤供磷能力和作为推荐磷肥用量的依据。结果表明:磷肥和土壤Olsen-P在白菜和辣椒上的产量效应均符合一元二次式。土壤磷素收支平衡33.7%~680.4%,土壤Olsen-P占土壤磷积累量的17.7%~28.9%。0~20 cm日光温室土壤磷素收支平衡124.1%~293.6%,0~20 cm土壤Olsen-P的年均积累量为23.1~32.2 mg/kg,土壤Olsen-P占土壤磷积累量的16.6%~24.2%。20~100 cm日光温室土壤Olsen-P的增加量随着施磷时间的延长而逐渐增加。土壤Olsen-P在植物上的产量效应符合一元二次式。农田磷的积累量与土壤Olsen-P的增加量呈直线正相关,土壤Olsen-P的增加量占农田积累磷的17.7%~28.9%。土壤供磷能力和磷素平衡是确定磷肥用量的重要参数。

Phosphorus Dynamic Accumulation and Yield Response in Vegetable Fields

The balance of input and output phosphorus and dynamic accumulating in vegetable field were studied.The yield response of Chinese cabbage and capsicum to phosphate fertilizer and soil residual phosphorus was also investigated by determining soil sample in two-year experiment field and over five-year green house.The aim of paper was to explore the yield response to available P(Olsen-P)in soil in order to recommend phosphate fertilizer application.The main results showed that the yield response equation of Chinese cabbage and capsicum to phosphate fertilizer and Olsen-P accorded with the quadratic.The rate of balance of input and output P was 33.7%-680.4%,and the accumulated Olsen-P accounted for 17.7%-28.9% of total residual P in the soil.OlsenP in 0-20 cm green house soil increased 23.1-32.2 mg/kg each year and 20-100 cm soil increased gradually with the time of phosphate fertilizer application.The rate of balance of input and output P in 0-20 cm soil in green house was 124.1%-293.6%.The accumulated available P(Olsen-P)accounted for 16.6%-24.2% of total residual P in the green house soil.The yield response of vegetable to Olsen-P accorded with the quadratic.There existed positive linear relation between residual phosphorus in soil and increased Olsen-P.The accumulated Olsen-P accounted for 17.7%-28.9% of total residual P in the soil.The phosphate application rate should be calculated according with the background amount of soil Olsen-P and the balance of input and output phosphorus.