肥料运筹对晚稻产量及根系和叶片衰老进程的影响

为了解施肥对水稻生长和衰老进程的影响，通过肥料运筹田间试验，研究晚稻产量及根系和叶片衰老的变化规律。结果表明，不施肥处理及缺N处理在整个生育进程中根系伤流量及叶绿素含量均低于其他处理，且生育后期衰老速率快于其他处理，有机无机肥配施(NPK+OM)处理在整个生育进程中根系伤流量及叶绿素含量均保持最高水平，且后期衰老速率明显慢于其它处理；不施肥或偏施肥处理水稻产量显著低于氮磷钾配施处理；NPK+OM处理产量最高为7.55 t/hm2，比不施肥(CK)处理增产35.51%；水稻叶绿素含量衰减率与根系伤流衰减率呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)；水稻产量与根系伤流量和叶绿素含量衰减率呈极显著负相关。这一结果表明：氮磷钾配施，尤其是氮磷钾配施有机肥有助于延缓杂交水稻的衰老进程，对提高杂交水稻产量作用明显。

Effects of Different Fertilizer Application on the Yield and Senescence Process of Root and Leaf of Late Season Rice

In order to understand the impact of fertilization on rice growth and the senescence process, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of fertilizer application on the yield and senescence of root and leaf of late season rice. The results showed that, the amount of root xylem sap and chlorophyll content of the no fertilizer treatment and no nitrogen treatments were lower than the other treatments in the whole growth process and the senescence rate was faster than the other treatments in the later growth stages. Amount of xylem sap root and chlorophyll content of the NPK+OM treatment were the highest in all the treatments, the senescence rate was obviously slower than other treatments in the later growth stages. The rice yield of no fertilizer or partial fertilizer treatments was significant lower than the treatments of the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The NPK+OM treatment got the highest yield which was up to 7.55 t/hm2, it increased the yield by 35.51% in contrast to the CK. The decline rate of chlorophyll was significant positive correlation to the decline rates of xylem sap. The rice yield was significant negative correlation to the decline rates of chlorophyll and xylem sap. It indicated that, the combination of N, P and K, especially combination with organic fertilizer, could reduce the decline rates of hybrid rice, and could keep high yield of hybrid rice.