决明属牧草种子产量及成熟特性的调查分析

为科学评价决明属(Chamaecrista spp.)牧草种质资源的种子生产潜力,2006-2007年,对决明属牧草品系的种子产量、种子数量及其时间分布开展调查,结果表明:34个品系年均种子产量为7.05～120.56g/m2,千粒重为2.63～5.89 g,年种子数量1 527～21 553粒/m2,种子成熟时间为8月至翌年1月。随着来源地纬度提高,圆叶决明品系的种子产量呈明显降低趋势。以种子产量为依据,2个品系属高产型,5个品系属中产型,27个品系属低产型,包括威恩圆叶决明(C.rotundifolia)、闽引圆叶决明、闽引羽叶决明(C.nictitans)。以种子数量的时间分布为依据,11个品系属早熟型,5个品系属中熟型,16个品系属中熟-晚熟过渡型,2个品系属晚熟型。建议把年均种子产量≥80 g/m2、45～80 g/m2、45 g/m2作为决明属牧草种子高产型、种子中产型、种子低产型的简明划分标准。

Investigation and analysis on seed yields and ripen characteristics of Chamaecrista spp

Number and temporal distribution of seed of Chamaecrista spp and their seed yields were investigated in Fujian central subtropical area in 2006-2007.Results showed that seed yields of 34 accessions of Chamaecrista spp. were 7.05120.56 g/m2,  and the weight of 1 000 seeds was 2.635.89 g, and annual seed number was 1 52721 553 seeds/m2, and seeds could be harvested from August to January. With the increase of latitude of seeds source region, seed yields reduced obviously. Based on data of seed yields, 34 accessions of Chamaecrista spp. could be classified into 3 clusters by K means cluster analyze method: 2 accessions were found belonging to high seed yield type, 5 accessions belonging to middle seed yield type, and 27 accessions (including Wynn、CPI86134、ATF2217 )belonging to low seed yield type. Based on data of temporal distribution of seeds, 34 accessions cloud be classified into 4 maturity types: 11 accessions were early mature type, 5 accessions were middle mature type, 16 accessions were middle later mature transitional type, and 2 accessions were later mature type. It’s recommended that accessions of Chamaecrista spp. could be classified into 3 types (high seed yield type, middle seed yield type and low seed yield type), and 3 types could be identified with brief classification standard of annual seed yield over 80 g/m2, 4580 g/m2, and below 45 g/m2, respectively, in Fujian central subtropical area.