南极半岛海洋气候区的土壤Ⅴ.气候变化响应

气候变化导致南极海洋气候区冰川消退、多年积雪融化,为新的土壤形成与分布提供了潜在的母质基础与发展空间;地表和土壤内部水分活动在时间和空间上的加强促进了以自由水为基础的土壤过程和冰缘地貌过程;由气候变化引发的低等植物生境、群落结构变化、初级生产力与生物量的提高、海洋脊椎动物迁徙和栖息地的变迁,影响了本区土壤有机质积累过程以及土壤有机质结构与性状。已有的证据表明,气候变化正对南极海洋气候区土壤发生、发育及演变产生重要影响。

SOILS IN THE MARITIME ANTARCTIC Ⅴ.RESPONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE

In the maritime Antarctic region, retreat of glaciers and shrink of perennial snow cover induced by climate warming not only provide new spatial room and potential parent materials for pedogenesis, but enhance temporal and spatial availability of free water, which plays an all-important role both in periglacial processes and in the processes within soil profiles, thus influencing soil genesis and evolution to a great degree. Climate warming leads to changes in habitat environments, species numbers, community structures, primary productivities of lower plants and activities of the maritime vertebrates, therefore posing influences on accumulationintensity and composition of organic matter in soils. In short, evidence obtained indicates that climate change is posing significant influences on formation and development of the soils in the maritime Antarctic region.