播期和密氮组合对镇麦10号干物质积累及产量的调控效应

为确定江苏淮南麦区红皮强筋小麦高产栽培的适宜播期、种植密度和氮肥施用量，选用红皮强筋小麦新品种镇麦10号作为试验材料，在基施45%复合肥375 kg·hm^-2和尿素150 kg·hm^-2条件下，分析了播期和密氮组合对小麦群体干物质积累和产量的影响。结果表明，播期和密氮组合对镇麦10号产量及干物质积累量有极显著的影响。随着播期的延迟,镇麦10号产量先升后降，穗数和千粒重下降，穗粒数略有增加。11月5日播种较10月20日和11月20日播种分别增产2.26%和10.59%；种植密度对籽粒产量的影响因播期不同而有所差异；种植密度增加有利于提高有效穗数，但降低穗粒数和千粒重。10月20日播种时，提高种植密度不利于产量的增加，在基本苗225×10⁴ 株·hm^-2下平均产量最高，较基本苗300×10⁴ 和375×10⁴ 株·hm^-2分别增产3.52%和9.21%；11月5日和11月20日播种时，籽粒产量随着密度的提高而增加，以基本苗375×10⁴ 株·hm^-2的产量最高，较基本苗225×10⁴ 和300×104株·hm^-2分别增产6.32%、4.89%和4.58%、3.25%。增加追氮量有利于穗数、穗粒数和千粒重的增加，但过量追氮时，穗数、穗粒数和千粒重降低；追施纯氮120 kg·hm^-2可显著提高籽粒产量，追氮量过多过少均不利于产量的增加。早播、增加种植密度、增施氮肥均能促进镇麦10号干物质积累，但不利于产量的提高。在本试验条件下，镇麦10号高产最适播期为11月5日，最优密度为375×10⁴ 株·hm^-2，适宜追氮量为120 kg·hm^-2。

Effect of Sowing Date and the Combination of Planting Density and Nitrogen Application on Yield and Dry Matter Accumulation of Zhenmai 10

In order to clarify the effects of the different cultivation measures on dry matter accumulation and the relationship between dry matter accumulation and yield,Zhenmai 10,a novel cultivar with strong gluten and red kernel,was used as material to determine the best cultivation measures combination of sowing date,planting density and nitrogen application to good quality and high yield.The results revealed that the sowing date and combination of planting density and nitrogen application had significant effects on the yield and dry matter accumulation. With the sowing date postponed,the spike number and 1 000-grain weight decreased,but the kernel number per spike increased slightly. The yield of November 5 as sowing date was increased by 2.26% and 10.59%,respectively,compared with those of October 20 and November 20. The effects of planting density on grain yield varied due to different sowing dates. With the increase of planting density,the number of productive spike increased,but the number of kernel per spike and thousand grain weight decreased. For the treatment of October 20 as sowing date,the yield decreased with the increase of planting density. The yield with the planting density of 225×10⁴ plants·hm^-2 was increased by 3.52% and 9.21% more than those of 300×10⁴ plants·hm^-2 and 375×10⁴ plants·hm^-2. For the treatments of November 5 and November 20 as sowing date,with the increase of planting density,the yield was increased.The yield with the planting density of 375×10⁴ plants·hm^-2 was the greatest,which were increased by 6.32%,4.89% and 4.58%,3.25%,respectively,more than those of 225×10⁴ plants·hm^-2 and 300×10⁴ plants·hm^-2 .The spike number,thousand grain weight and kernel number per spike increased with the increase of the nitrogen application. But when nitrogen was over-applicated,the spike number,thousand grain weight and kernel number per spike would decrease. The yield increased significantly with the nitrogen application of 120 kg·hm^-2,and more or less than 120 kg·hm^-2 was beneficial to high yield. Early sowing,increase of planting density and nitrogen application could increase the dry matter accumulation of Zhenmai 10 in different growth stages,but were not good for yield improvement. In this study,the appropriate conditions for Zhenmai 10 were November 5 as sowing date,375×10⁴ plants·hm^-2 as planting density and 120 kg·hm^-2 as nitrogen application.