中秆紧凑、半紧凑型夏谷新种质的创新及其在育种中的应用

中秆紧凑、半紧凑型夏谷新种质94261、181具有和以往育成的夏谷品种显著不同的特点：（1）在遗传上脱离了与日本60日、豫谷1号的血缘关系,丰富了夏谷品种的遗传基础;（2）具有中秆紧凑、半紧凑,抗病、抗倒的特点,其抗源与日本60日、豫谷1号的衍生系统不同;（3）高产、稳产。因此,它们一经育成就在育种和生产上获得广泛应用,被用作育种的骨干亲本,使育种的骨干亲本在日本60日、豫谷1号、鲁谷2号、不5019、鲁谷5号、冀谷6号、新农724的基础上增加了181、94261两个新型亲本,种质基础也在原来的基础上扩展为日本60日、米黄谷、小柳根、60日还仓、日本早熟1号、大白谷、绿穗谷。利用它们作亲本已选育出一些优良后代。本研究着重分析了该种质在育种和生产上获得应用的遗传、生理基础,并以此为基础就夏谷种质基础拓宽、新种质创新及其应用中的一些问题进行探讨。

Innovation inMedium-height Compactness and Semicompactness Summer Millet New Germplasm and ItsApplication in Breeding

The new germplasm94261 and 181 have different characteristics from other millet varieties. Firstly, theyhave blood relationship utterly broken off with Riben60ri and Yugu No.1 in inheritance, sothe hereditary basis of millet varieties has been enriched; Secondly, they are ofmedium-height, compactness and semicompactness in plant type, and resistance to diseasesand lodging; Thirdly, they are of steady high yield. Therefore they have been appliedextensively in breeding and production since they were released, so the mainstay breedingparents of summer millet have been increased on the basis of the Riben60ri, Yugu No.1,LuguNo.2, Bu5019, Lugu No.5, Jigu No.6, Xinnong724, and the base germplasm extended toRiben60ri, Mihuanggu, Xiaoliugen, 60rihuancang, Ribenzaoshu No.1, Dabaigu, Lüsuigu.Using them as the parents, some subsequent generations have been bred, with goodperformance. This paper put emphasis on analyzing their genetic and physiological basis inbreeding and production. Meanwhile it discussed some problems about innovation in summermillet new germplasm and its application.