印度转基因抗虫棉的商业种植现状及其潜在的生态风险

印度转基因抗虫棉的研究始于1996年,2002年开始进行商业种植。为了推动中国种业的发展,现通过研究印度转基因抗虫棉研究的历史及现状,总结出转基因抗虫棉生产的优点,并提出其潜在的生态风险。截止到2010年,印度农业部门审定可以商业种植的转基因抗虫棉品种总计350个,转基因抗虫棉种植面积达到1 000万hm2,种植率达95%。转基因抗虫棉比非转基因抗虫棉增产86%,杀虫剂使用量减少56%,净收益提高2.5倍。印度棉花产量和出口量位于世界第二位(中国、印度和美国),原棉出口值为22亿美元。然而,转基因抗虫棉不是对所有的害虫都具有作用,同时,其花粉携带的转基因漂移以及残枝对其它生物产生的影响有待更深入的研究。

Commercial Planting Status and Potential Ecological Risk of Indian Genetically Modified Insect-resistant Cotton

The research on Indian genetically modified insect-resistant cotton（Bt cotton）began from 1996, com- mercial planting started in 2002. In order to promote the development of seed industry of China, through re- search for development history and status of genetically modified insect-resistamt cotton of India,the merit was summarized,potential ecological risk was put forward. Total 350 Bt cotton varieties were authorized for com- mercial planting till 2010,Bt cotton planting acreage was about 10 million hectare, planting rate reached over 95%. The yield of cotton increased by 45% ,insecticide applied volume decreased by 56% ,net income increased 2.5 times compared to non-Bt cotton,and the yield and exporting volume were located in the second place in the world（China,India and USA）,exporting value was 2.2 billion dollar. However,Bt cotton was not for all pests, the influence on other creatures of genetically modified drift and sticks which carried with pollen should be fur- ther researched.