水力侵蚀调控物理模拟试验相似律的初步确定

针对目前水力侵蚀调控模拟试验相似律研究中存在的问题，利用流体动力学及相似论的基本原理，探讨了黄土高原小流域水力侵蚀特点，确定了水力侵蚀模拟相似遵循的基本相似准则和比尺关系。分析及验证结果表明，黄土高原小流域沟道暴雨侵蚀水力输沙运动多数情况仍可视为紊流运动，遵循紊动水流输沙方程；侵蚀模拟试验不但需要满足几何相似、同时必须满足运动相似和动力相似；小流域水力侵蚀模拟应满足的基本比尺关系为几何相似、降雨相似、水流运动相似，侵蚀产沙运动相似、床面变形相似及土壤水运动相似等。

Preliminary study on similitude law in simulative experiment for controlling hydraulic erosion

In order to solve the problems on similitude law existing in simulative experiment for controlling hydraulic erosion in small watershed of Loess Plateau in China, the authors analyze the characteristics of hydraulic erosion in small watershed of Loess Plateau, give the basic similitude criteria and scale expressions for physically simulative experiment according to principles of hydromechanics and similarity theory. The results indicated that the basic water movement is turbulent flow and follows sediment-transporting equations of turbulent flow. The simulative experiment should obey not only geometric similarity, but also kinematical and dynamic similarity. The basic similarity scale expressions are the ones of the geometric, rainfall, flow, erosion sediment transport, bed deformation and soil water movement similarity etc.