节水灌溉与有机肥配施对关中地区夏玉米氮肥利用的影响

为寻求更适合关中地区夏玉米的灌溉施肥管理措施，本研究通过田间试验，采用充分灌溉(W1)与减少灌溉量50%的非充分灌溉(W2)两种灌溉方式，设置3种不同的施肥处理，F1(化肥)、F2(24%有机肥+76%化肥)、F3(48%有机肥+52%化肥)，研究减少灌溉水量和配施有机肥对夏玉米产量及氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明，节水灌溉和有机无机肥配施可提高植株对氮素的吸收、累积和转运水平。有机无机肥配施与不同灌溉量的交互作用对作物0～100 cm土层硝态氮含量影响显著。节水灌溉和有机肥配施处理均提高了夏玉米的子粒产量以及氮肥利用效率，W2F2处理的产量达到最高为6 287.3 kg/hm²。综上，节水灌溉(W2)和配施24%有机肥+76%土肥(F2)相结合的处理对应的氮素利用效果最好。

Effects of Water-saving Irrigation and Combined Application of Organic Fertilizer on Nitrogen Utilization of Summer Maize in Guanzhong Area

For searching more suitable irrigation and fertilization management measures for summer maize in Guanzhong area, this study adopted two irrigation methods, full irrigation(W1) versus 50% less irrigation(W2), through field experiment. Three different fertilization treatments were set up: F1(chemical fertilizer), F2(24% organic fertilizer +76% chemical fertilizer) and F3(48% organic fertilizer +52% chemical fertilizer), We hope to find the effects of reducing irrigation amount and combining application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on summer maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency. The results showed that, water-saving irrigation and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer could improve the absorption, accumulation and transport of nitrogen. The interaction between organic and inorganic fertilizer application and different irrigation amount had a significant effect on the soil NO₃^--N content in 0-100 cm soil layer. Both water-saving irrigation and combined application of organic fertilizer improved the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize, and the yield of W2F2 reached the highest of 6 287.3 kg/ha. In conclusion, the combined treatment of water-saving irrigation(W2) and 24% organic fertilizer(F2) had the best N use efficiency.