粪污资源化利用对生猪产业影响的经济视角分析

为了解粪污资源化利用对生猪产业的影响及粪污资源化利用中存在的问题,本文对河南、广东、浙江与吉林4省大型生猪养殖企业进行了调研。结果表明:粪污资源化利用对生猪产业区域布局、养殖成本、养殖规模与产销对接方式均会产生影响,具体表现为区域内布局逐步优化,区域间"南猪北养西进";养殖成本适度增加;大中型养殖企业占比增加以及家庭牧场涌现;跨区域冷鲜肉调运部分替代活猪和热鲜肉调运。建议政府加大对生猪粪污资源化利用的政策支持,积极培育有机肥市场,对养殖企业、社会专业治理企业、种植主体等多方进行引导,促进粪污-有机肥生产-有机肥消纳产业链条的良性运转。

An Economic Perspective of the Impact of Manure Utilization on Swine Industry

From the perspective of economics, this paper analyzes the impact of the utilization of manure pollution on the pig industry and the problems in manure resources utilization. Based on the investigation of large-scale pig breeding enterprises in Henan, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Jilin provinces, environmental impacts and transportation costs are two aspects of the economic impact of the hog industry. The conclusions show that: 1. The utilization of manure resources will have an impact on the regional layout of the pig industry, breeding cost and scale, and the way of production and marketing,The layout of the area was gradually optimized, and the regional pigs were raised to the west; the cost of breeding increased moderately; the proportion of large and medium-sized aquaculture enterprises increased, and the emergence of family farms, and the replacement of live pigs and hot meats in the cross-regional cold meat transfer. 2. the manure resources utilization will increases the environmental cost of 15.2 yuan per pig. Since pig cold chain transportation in 100 kilometers accounts for 1.7%～2% of the breeding cost, which suggested the government should increase policy support for manure resources utilization, and actively cultivate the organic fertilizer market, and promote the benign operation of the industrial chain of cultivation enterprise, organic fertilizer production and organic fertilizer consumption.