太阳能消毒时不同处理方式对土壤温度的影响

研究了覆膜与添加有机物(鸡粪、麦糠)在太阳能消毒中对土壤温度的影响。结果表明:鸡粪加覆膜处理可显著提高土壤日平均温度和日最高温度,可使10、15、20及30cm土壤日平均温度分别达到40.5、38.5、35.8和33.3℃,较不覆膜分别提高7.5、6.5、5.4和4.7℃,较覆膜但不添加有机物分别提高3.4、3.2、3.0和3.0℃;可使其土壤日最高温度分别达到46.4、43.5、40.3和36.4℃,较不覆膜处理分别提高10.1、9.2、7.9和5.8℃,较覆膜但不添加有机物处理分别提高了4.9、6.3、5.8、4.2℃。同时,覆膜、添加有机物增大了土壤日温差。故利用太阳能消毒时添加有机物与覆膜结合可显著提升0～20cm深度内土壤温度。

Effect of Different Treatment on Soil Temperature Under Solarization

The effects of plasticfilm mulching and organic matter(chicken manure and wheat bran flakes) on temperature of soil sterilized by solarization to control root-knot nematodes were investigated.The results showed that chicken manure with mulching transparent plasticfilm could significantly boost daily average soil temperature and daily maximum soil temperature at 10,15,20and 30cm soil depths,daily average soil temperatures were 40.5,38.5,35.8and 36℃,daily average temperatures had been enhanced 7.5,6.5,5.4and 4.7℃compared with no plasticfilm mulching,they had been enhanced 3.4,3.2,3.0and 3.0℃ compared with plasticfilm mulching but no organic matter,respectively.And daily maximum soil temperatures were 46.4,43.5,40.3and 36.4℃,daily maximum temperatures had been enhanced 10.1,9.2,7.9and 5.8℃compared with no plasticfilm mulching,they had been enhanced 4.9,6.3,5.8and 4.2℃compared with plasticfilm mulching but no organic matter,respectively.At the same time,plasticfilm mulching and organic matter also markedly extend soil daily temperature difference.It concluded that soil sterilized by solarization with organic matter and transparent plasticfilm mulching was promising in increasing soil temperature within 20cm soil depth in the study area.