生草覆盖条件下不同施肥模式对红富士苹果生长发育、产量及品质的影响

通过随机区组试验,研究了果园生草覆盖条件下不同施肥模式对红富士苹果生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:苹果园在生草覆盖条件下不同施肥模式处理均能提高叶片质量,促进新梢生长,其中以有机无机配施(NPKM)处理效果最为显著;同时各个施肥处理也能提高叶片矿质元素的含量,以NPKM处理最高;施肥能增加单株产量和单果重,改善果实品质,与CK对照比较,传统施肥(NP)、单施有机肥(M)、单施化肥(NPK)和有机无机配施(NPKM)处理分别增产15.40%、19.27%、30.15%和54.49%,在一定程度上降低了可滴定酸含量,果形指数、可溶性固形物、维生素C、可溶性糖含量和糖酸比也有不同程度的提高。综合分析,从土壤可持续效用的角度,M处理和NPKM处理的效果最为明显,既能增强树势,又能提高产量和改善果实品质。

The Effects of Different Fertilization Pattern on Growth,Yield and Quality of Fuji Apple Under Grass Cover in Orchard

The effects of the different fertilization pattern on growth,yield and quality of Fuji apple under grass cover in orchard were studied by random group design.The results showed that the different fertilization pattern improved leaf quality and hastened stem growth under grass cover in apple orchard.Especially leaf quality and stem growth in treatment NPKM improved obviously compared to the other treatments.At the same time the different fertilization pattern improved obviously leaf mineral element content,leaf mineral element content in treatment NPKM were the best.Fertilization treatment could improve the per plant yield,average weight of single fruit and quality significantly.NP,M,NPK and NPKM treatments increased apartly by 15.40%,19.27%,30.15%,54.49% as compared with CK treatment,also reduced titratable acidity,and increased fruit shape index,soluble solids,vitamin C,soluble sugar and ratio of sugar to acid.To conclusion,treatment M and treatment NPKM as the moderate model of fertilizer application were proposed,should be used in apple young trees from soil sustainable utilization,it could increase tree’s growth and could apparent improve fruit yield and quality.