不同改良措施对保护地土壤盐分积累及离子组成的影响

以哈尔滨市道里区薛家镇建国村20a棚龄的典型保护地土壤为研究对象,种植作物为番茄,研究不同施肥及改良剂措施对保护地土壤pH、电导率、盐分含量及离子组成的影响,并分析了各因素之间的关系。结果表明:与农民习惯施肥相比,测土施肥、优化施肥、施入腐植酸钾和沸石均能提高土壤pH、降低电导率及盐分含量,以优化施肥+腐殖酸钾+沸石效果最佳,其pH、电导率及全盐量与不施化肥处理相差不多,比种植前及农民习惯施肥pH分别提高0.50和0.48个单位;电导率分别降低0.07和0.21mS/cm;全盐量分别降低10.94%和29.84%。该试验设施土壤中阳离子以Ca2+为主,其次为Na+,阴离子以SO24-为主,其次为HCO3-。腐植酸钾降低Ca2+、Na+效果优于沸石;沸石降低K+、HCO3-、Cl-效果优于腐植酸钾,降低SO24-、Mg2+效果与腐植酸钾相当。相关分析表明,设施土壤电导率与全盐量之间呈极显著线性正相关,pH与全盐量之间呈显著线性负相关。科学减少肥料用量和合理施用改良剂对于保护地土壤改良及防治盐基离子过量积累十分必要。

Effect of Different Improvement Measures on Salt Accumulating and Ion Composition of Protected Soil

This paper taking typical protected soil which had planted vegetables for 20 years as research object,planting crops for tomatoes.Test site is located in Jianguo village of Daoli District,Harbin.Effect of different fertilization and improvement measures on soil pH,EC,salt accumulating and ion composition were studied,the relationship between them was analyzed.The results showed that,compared with local farmers traditional fertilization,fertilization by soil test,optimized fertilization,application KHm and Zeolite could improve soil pH,decrease EC and salinity,and the latest treatment had the best effect.It’s soil pH,EC and salinity was similar to no fertilization,pH increased by 0.50 and 0.48 units,EC respectively reduced to 0.07 mS/cm and 0.21 mS/cm,salinity decreased by 10.94% and 29.84% respectively than before planting and farmers traditional fertilization.Ca2 + in anionic content was most,followed by Na+,and by SO2-4,followed by HCO-3 in this test protected soil.In reducing Ca2+,Na+ content,application KHm was better than that of Zeolite;Application Zeolite was better than that of KHm in reducing K+,HCO-3,Cl-,reducing SO2-4,Mg2+ effect was similar.Correlation analysis showed that EC and total salinity had significant linear positive relationship,pH and salinity take on significantly negative correlation in protected soil.It is necessary to improve protected soil and prevent excess accumulation of salt ion by reducing the amount of fertilizer and science reasonable applying ameliorant.