河北省不同地区夏季规模化羊场气载细菌的检测与分析

旨在研究河北省夏季不同地区规模化羊场气载细菌的日变化和区域性变化。选择3个区域(燕山丘陵、太行山区和平原地区)10个规模化羊场(14个舍),采用定点采样和培养计数法,对夏季各羊舍及其运动场的细菌数量进行3 d连续检测。结果:羊舍和运动场细菌数量表现为中午低、早或晚高的变化规律,早、中、晚不同地区羊舍的细菌数量分别为6.23×10^3~9.78×10^3、5.05×10^3~6.56×10^3和6.05×10^3~7.51×10^3 cfu/m^3,其中太行山区羊舍细菌在3个时间段间达显著差异(P<0.05)。从区域性分布看,太行山区羊舍细菌数量高于其他2个地区,燕山、太行和平原3个地区羊舍细菌平均数量分别达6.76×10^3、7.79×10^3和6.01×10^3 cfu/m^3;羊舍与运动场比较,虽然太行山区和平原地区羊舍细菌与运动场之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),但太行山区羊舍及其运动场的细菌数量有增加趋势(P=0.05,P=0.07),而燕山丘陵50%的羊舍细菌数量显著高于运动场(P<0.05)。另外,比较4类羊(妊娠、母带仔、育成和育肥)舍细菌得出,妊娠舍细菌平均数量最高(7.10×10^3 cfu/m^3),育肥舍或带仔母羊舍细菌数量最低(5.54×10^3 cfu/m^3,5.55×10^3 cfu/m^3)。该研究结果可为完善羊场的羊舍设计和环境调控提供可靠依据。

Investigation of airborne bacteria in summer in large-scale sheep farms in different regions of Hebei Province

The objective of this study was to investigate the daily and regional changes in airborne bacteria in large-scale sheep farms in different regions of Hebei Province in summer.Ten large-scale sheep farms were selected in three areas(the Yanshan hilly area, the Taihang Mountains area and the plain area).The fixed site sampling plate counting methods were applied to detect the number of bacteria in each sheep shed(n=14) and playground for three successive days.The results showed that the number of bacteria was low at noon and high in the morning and evening, and the numbers of bacteria in the morning, at noon and in the evening of the sheep sheds and playgrounds in the different area were 6.23×10^3~9.78×10^3, 5.05×10^3~6.56×10^3and 6.05×10^3~7.51×10^3 cfu/m^3, respectively, with the bacteria in the Taihang Mountains area showing significant difference in the three time periods(P<0.05).In terms of regional distribution, the number of bacteria in the sheep shed of the Taihang Mountains area was higher than that of the other two areas.The average bacteria in the sheep sheds of the three areas was 6.76×10^3(in the Yanshan area), 7.79×10^3(in the Taihang Mountains area) and 6.01×10^3(the plain area) cfu/m^3.There was no significant difference between the shed and the playground in the Taihang Mountains area and the plain area(P>0.05), but the number of bacteria in the sheds and playgrounds in the Taihang Mountains area was the highest(P=0.05, P=0.07), while that of bacteria in 50% of the sheep sheds was significantly higher than that in the playground in the Yanshan hilly area(P<0.05).In terms of the growth stages(pregnancy,mastering,breeding and fattening),the average number of bacteria in the sheds of pregnant sheep was the highest(7.10×10^3 cfu/m^3),and the lowest in the that of fattening or mastering sheep(5.54×10^3 cfu/m^3,and 5.55×10^3 cfu/m^3).The results of this study provided reference for improving the sheep shed design and environmental regulation of the sheep farm.