小麦冠温的多态性及其与品质变异的关联

 【目的】在对小麦冠层温度长期观测的基础上，开展了小麦冠温多态性研究，以揭示其和小麦籽粒品质变化的关联。【方法】将具有不同冠温状态的小麦材料置于不同环境条件尤其气象条件的影响之下，以引起小麦籽粒品质的变异。【结果】小麦按其冠温状态可分为3种类型：冷型小麦，其冠温年年表现为冷型态；暖型小麦，其冠温年年表现为暖型态；中间型小麦，其冠温主要表现为包括冷型态，暖型态在内的6种状态。在不同环境影响下，冷型小麦的品质变异最小，最为稳定；暖型小麦次之；中间型小麦变异最大，最不稳定。其实质在于小麦植株体内所进行的有关生理生化过程的稳定性因小麦温度型而异。【结论】鉴于冷型小麦具有品质变异小的特性，因而，降低小麦株温、培育出冷型小麦可能是解决小麦品质广幅生态适应性的有效途径。

Polymorphism of Wheat Canopy Temperature and Its Relationship with Kernel Quality Differentiation

Study on the polymorphism of wheat canopy temperature and its relationship with kernel quality differentiation has been carried out on the basis of a long-term observation of wheat canopy temperature. Some wheat materials with different canopy temperature have been planted in the different environments, meteorological conditions in particular for causing the variations of wheat kernel quality. Results show that all wheats are divided into 3 types according to the canopy temperature, that is, cooler typal wheat having constant lower canopy temperature than that of check variety during kernel filling, warm typal wheat having constant higher canopy temperature than that of check variety during kernel filling, and intermediate typal wheat having 6 canopy temperature states including the temperature states of cooler typal wheat and warm typal wheat in different growth conditions. Differentiation level of wheat kernel quality relates closely to the stability of wheat canopy temperature under different environment conditions, and the differentiations of cooler typal wheat, warm typal wheat and intermediate typal wheat are smallest, middle and largest in all wheats, respectively. The stability of wheat kernel quality is connected closely with the stability of the metabolic functions of different temperature type wheats in essence. Owing to the good stability of cooler typal wheat in kernel quality, so it is possibly an effective way for solving the questions with excellent adaptability to a wide range of ecological conditions that lowering plant temperature and breeding cooler typal wheat.