水稻(Oryza sativa L.)温敏核不育系在有利于遗传型鉴别环境下的遗传改良

低不育起点温度(CSP)、高自繁育性和高的异交结实率对于水稻温敏核雄性不育系配制纯合的杂交种子和获得经济的自繁种子有重要意义。本研究分析了不同环境对这些性状选择效率的影响，结果表明，温敏核雄性不育系的雄性不育起点温度、自繁雄性可育性、柱头外露率和穗伸出率、生长势和适应性的选择效应受环境影响。在某种环境下遗传材料的这些性状过高的表达并没有导致高的区分度，因为在这种情况下性状在株间表现较整齐一致，温敏核雄性不育基因(tms)在高温下雄性不育性也表现相似的结果，因此认为有必要在适当有利于区分遗传型的环境下进行选择。在相对较低的温度条件下选择低的CSP和高的自繁雄性可育性有较高的选择效率；在较高的湿度条件下选择柱头外露较有效，而高的温度下选择穗的抽出率效率高．在相对低的土壤肥力环境下改良不育系的生长活力和适应性效率高。

Genetic improvement of thermosensitive genic male sterile lines under genotype-distinguishable environment in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Low critical sterility point(CSP),high male fertility recovery and high outcrossing ability are critical characters of a TGMS line in rice for use as a female parent in pure hybrid seed production and economical self multiplication.In this study, selection efficiency of these characters related to different environments were analyzed.The results showed that the effect of genotype on critical sterility point of temperature,male fertility recovery,stigma and panicle exsertions,growth and vigour and adaptability of TGMS lines were modified due to environments.Higher expression of the character did not lead to high discrimination among the genotypes as these characters had identical degree of expression.Similar expression of tms genes on male sterility at high temperature was revealed.This suggested the necessity of performing selection under appropriate genotype-distinguishable environment.High selection efficiency for low CSP and high male fertility recovery was obtained under relatively lower temperature.High stigma exsertion was selected with high efficiency under high humidity condition,while high panicle exsertion was effectively selected under high temperature.For improvement of growth-vigour and adaptability,selection under relatively poorer soil nutrient environment was highly efficient.