开沟起垄措施对植烟土壤和烟叶产值的影响

为探明烟稻轮作制度下,烟田起垄开沟对植烟土壤化学性质及烟株生长、产质量等影响,以稻茬烟田为试验平台,设置2个开沟深度[A1：浅沟（垄间开沟15cm）;A2：深沟（垄间开沟25cm）]和2个起垄时间[B1：移栽前10d起垄（常规起垄）;B2：翻耕后起垄],于2018年取样,系统分析不同处理对土壤pH、主要养分含量和烟株农艺性状、干物质积累及经济性状的影响。研究结果表明,烟株各个主要生育时期深沟+翻耕后起垄处理（A2B2）的有效叶片数、烟叶最大叶长、叶宽和株高均优于其他处理;且该处理能有效改善土壤速效养分含量,土壤pH处于优质烤烟生产要求范围;同时烟株物质生产能力强,干物质积累多,在各器官间分配合理;烤烟经济性状也表现为该处理的烟叶产量、产值及上等烟比例较高,表现较优。总之,翻耕后起垄+深开沟处理（A2B2）有利于烟株生长,提高烟株的品质,为烟叶优质适产奠定了生物学基础。

Effects of Furrowing and Ridging Measures on the Quality of Tobacco-Planting Soils and Output Value of Flue-Cured Tobacco

This study was to investigate the changes of soil chemical properties, tobacco plants growth and yield quality under the tobacco-rice rotation system. Two depths of furrow opening were designed, A1: shallow ditch (15cm gap between ridges), and A2: deep groove (25cm gap between ridges); Two ridging times were designed, B1: ridges were set up at 10 days before transplanting (conventional ridging), and B2: ridges were set up after tilling. Samples were taken in 2018, the effects of different treatments on soil pH, main nutrient content and tobacco agronomic characteristics, dry matter accumulation, and economic characteristics were systematically analyzed. The results showed that in A2B2, the effective leaves, maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, and plant height were better than other treatments. The treatment could effectively increase soil available nutrient content, and soil pH was in the range of high-quality flue-cured tobacco production. At the same time, the tobacco plant had higher productive capacity, accumulating more dry matter which distributed reasonablely among various organs. The economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco also showed that the yield, product value and exceptional tobacco ratio in A2B2 were higher, and the performance was better. In conclusion, ridge after tilling + deep ditch treatment (A2B2) is conducive to promote the growth of tobacco plants, to increase the tobacco plants quality, and to lay the biological foundation for producing fine quality leaves and rational yield in practice.