风景区旅游可持续发展评价——以庐山风景区为例

风景区旅游可持续发展评价是对不同历史阶段旅游可持续发展状态的量化评价。采用层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)中的幂法构建综合评价矩阵,从经济发展、社会进步、环境支持的角度,对庐山风景区1990—2000年的相关指标数据进行分析。结果表明:在该历史时段内,风景区旅游可持续发展水平不高,协调性较差,可持续发展与不可持续发展交替变换。其中,1993、1995、1997、1999年,1≤CI≤1.732,风景区的社会可持续发展、经济可持续发展与环境可持续发展三者之间比较协调,旅游处于"强可持续发展"状态;1992年,0≤CI≤1,三者之间发展不协调,但相互之间可以互补,旅游处于"弱可持续发展"状态;1994、1996、2000年,-1≤CI≤0,三者之间发展不协调,也不能通过互补来调节,旅游处于"弱不可持续发展"状态;1991、1998年,-1.732≤CI≤-1,三者之间发展不协调,也不能通过互补来调节,旅游处于"强不可持续发展"状态。

Evaluation of Sustainable Development of Scenic Tourist Spots——A Case of Lu Shan Scenic Spot

Evaluation of sustainable development of scenic tourist spots refers to quantitative assessment of sustainable development state of tourism in different historical periods. This paper, using the power method-constructed comprehensive evaluation matrix in analytic hierarchy process （AHP）, analyzed the relative indexes data of 1990-2000 in Lu Shah Scenic Spots, from the perspectives of economic development, social progress and environmental support. Results showed that the level of sustainable development was not high, with poor coordination, thus causing alternate sustainable and unsustainable development states. In 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 1 ~〈 CI〈~ 1.732 suggested that there was a relatively coordinated relationship among social sustainable development, economic sustainable development and environmental sustainable development, meaning that tourism was in ＂strong sustainable development state＂. Meanwhile, in 1992, 0≤ CI≤ 1 revealed that there was poor coordination but complementary relationship in the three aspects, showing that tourism was in ＂weak sustainable development state＂. In 1994, 1996, 2000, -1≤CI≤O meant that the three aspects lacked coordination and they could not be complementarily regulated, showing that tourism was in ＂weak unsustainable development state＂. In 1991, 1998,-1.732≤CI≤-1 denoted that the three aspects lacked coordination and they could not be complementarily regulated, showing that tourism was in ＂strong unsustainable development state＂.