K型小麦雄性不育系诱导单倍体胚的胚胎学观察

从胚胎学方面研究了粘果山羊草细胞质的小麦雄性不育系K83(21)35A与保持系83(21)35B杂交的双受精过程,胚和胚乳的发育特点,以及单倍体胚和孪生胚发生的规律。结果表明:双受精过程、胚和胚乳的发育与普通小麦自交相似。n型单倍体胚来自助细胞的孤雌生殖;n-n型双胚来自助细胞和卵细胞的孤雌生殖;2n-n型双胚中的单倍体胚来自助细胞,二倍体胚来自受精卵。适当延迟授粉,能提高单倍体发生的频率。

The Embryological Observation of Haploid and Twin Seedlings Induced by Ae. Kotchyi Cytoplasm Male-Sterile Line in Common Wheat

This paper embrologically deals with the process of double fertilization, the traits of embryo and endosperm development and the genetio rules of haploid and twin seedlings in cross of alloplasmic male-sterile wheat K83(21)35A with maintainence line 83(21)35B. The results indicate the followings:The process of double fertilization and the development of embryo and endosperm are similar to those of common wheat. N type hapleid comes from the parthenogenesis of synergid. N-N type twins are derived from non-fertilized synergid and egg cell. In(2n-n) type twins,haploid is derived from a nonfertilizered synergid and the diploid from the fertilized egg. Progerly derayed pollination can increase the frequency of the haploid and twin seedlings. And,the inembryonate traits can be used in judging the morphological indices of the haploid embryo.