氮磷钾有机肥配合施用对马铃薯产量和品质的影响

目的]为内蒙古乌兰察布地区马铃薯高产高效栽培提供技术指导。方法]以马铃薯品种克新1号为材料，以尿素（X1）、磷酸二铵（X2）、硫酸钾（X3）及有机肥用量（X4）为决策变量，马铃薯产量、淀粉含量和商品率为目标函数，采用二次通用旋转回归组合设计研究不同施肥处理对马铃薯产量和品质的影响，建立最佳施肥模型。结果]分别建立了马铃薯产量最高、品质最好、商品率最高的最佳施肥模型，且各模型对相应指标的拟合程度均达到了显著水平；该试验条件下，马铃著产量〉10177．33kg／hm^2、淀粉含量〉15．53％、商品率〉80．69％时，尿素、磷酸二铵、硫酸钾、有机肥用量分别为203．18—265．13、134．49-155．87、172．14～207．05和43635．47580kg/hm^2。结论]氮、磷、钾、有机肥合理配施可显著提高马铃薯的产量和品质。

Effects of Combined Application of NPK and Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Potato

Objective] The aim was to provide the technical guidance for potato cultivation with high yield and high efficient in Wulanchabu region of Inner Mongolia.Method] With potato variety Kexin 1 as the material, urea(X1),diammonium phosphate(X2),potassium sulfate(X3),organic fertilizer(X4) as the decision variable and potato yield,starch content and commodity rate as the objective function,the design of ordinary second order rotatable regression was used to study the effects of different fertilization treatment on yield and quality of potato.On the basis of that,the optimum fertilization model was established.Result] The optimum fertilization models for highest yield,quality,and commodity rate were established resp.,and the fitting degree of each model on relative index reached significant level.Under the tested condition,the application rates of urea,diammonium phosphate,potassium sulfate,organic fertilizer were 203.18-265.13,134.49-155.87,172.14-207.05 and 43 635-47 580 kg/hm2 resp.when the yield,starch content and commodity rate of potato were higher than 10 177.33 kg/hm2,15.53% and 80.69% resp.Conclusion] The reasonable combined application of NPK and organic fertilizer could significantly improve the yield and quality of potato.