黑皮冬瓜同源四倍体与起源二倍体农艺性状比较

[目的]比较同源四倍体与起源二倍体黑皮冬瓜材料田间农艺性状,为优质多倍体黑皮冬瓜新品种选育及应用提供理论依据.[方法]以同源四倍体和起源二倍体黑皮冬瓜为试验材料,调查其田间叶、茎和主蔓分枝性能,花器官、果实及种子性状,并比较其性状差异.[结果]同源四倍体黑皮冬瓜叶宽、叶柄粗、叶厚和茎粗极显著大于起源二倍体,增幅分别达14.81％、33.07％、14.50％和16.15％;主蔓分枝减少27.13％,极显著少于起源二倍体;第一雄花开放天数比起源二倍体少2.2 d,第一雌花开放天数比起源二倍体少0.6 d;第一雄花开花节位平均为15.9节,比起源二倍体低6.2节,第一雌花开花节位平均为24.7节,比起源二倍体低3.7节;主蔓40节内雌花总数4.1朵/株,比起源二倍体多1.5朵/株,主蔓坐果节位平均为29.8节,比起源二倍体低6.6节;成熟雌花长度、横径和雄花花瓣比起源二倍体大;单瓜重、瓜纵径、瓜横径、肉厚、果肉硬度、肉质致密性和种腔纵径均比起源二倍体大,增幅分别达32.44％、13.95％、6.96％、15.89％、7.94％、2.22％和12.97％;单瓜种子明显变大,平均产籽量比起源二倍体少85.56％.[结论]同源四倍体与起源二倍体黑皮冬瓜材料农艺性状存在较大差异,整体性状优势明显,可作为商品种或育种中间材料用于生产.

Comparison on agronomic characteristics in autotetraploid and diploid black wax gourd

[Objective ]Agronomic characteristics in autotetraploid and diploid black wax gourd were compared to provide theoretical references for breeding new varieties of polyploidy black wax gourd. [ Method ] The leaf, stem, branch, flower,fruit and seed characteristics of autotetraploid and diploid black wax gourd were investigated and com- pared. [Result]The results showed that leaf width,petiole diameter,leaf thickness and stem thickness of autotctraploid black wax gourd were significantly higher than those of diploid,up by 14.81%,33.07%,14.50% and 16.15%. The branch of autotetraploid black wax gourd was 1,ess than diploid, down by 27.13%. The autotetraploid black wax gourd flowering time of the first male and female flower was 2.2 days and 0.6 days earlier than diploid. The first male flow- er node of autotetraploid black wax gourd was 15.9,which was lower about 6.2 nodes than diploid. The first female flower node of autotctraploid black wax gourd was 24.7, which was also lower about 3.7 nodes than diploid. The aver- age number of female flowers of autotetraploid[ black wax gourd was 4.1 per plant,increasing by 1.5 per plant in diploid. The fruiting node of autotetraploid black wax gourd was 29.8 ,which was lower about 6.6 nodes than diploid. The length and diameter of female flower increased, and the petal of male flower also became bigger than diploid. The average gourd weight, gourd length, gourd diameter , gourd flesh ,flesh hardness, density and seed cavity length of au- totetraploid black wax gourd were significantly higher than diploid,respectively up by 32.44% ,13.95%, 6.96%, 15.89%, 7.94%, 2.22% and 12.97%. The seed size was bigger than diploid. The average seed yield significantly re- duced by 85.56%. [Conclusion ]Despite some differences in agronomic characteristics between autotetraploid and diploid, autotetraploid black wax gourd has obvious advantages, which could be used for breeding new varieties.