云南昭通烤烟大田期气候对烟叶化学品质的影响

摘 要 为促进昭通烟叶生产发展，本文着力探讨烤烟品质与气候问题。采用对比分析和系统聚类法，研究云南昭通烤烟气候特点及其对烟叶品质的影响。对昭通烤烟化学品质进行了客观分类，研究并解译了昭通4类烟叶化学品质的气候成因，明晰了昭通烤烟气候的优势和不足。昭通烟区大田生长期光热总量和累计雨量都偏少，但4-6月光照条件优于贵州烟区、7-8月光热总量多于云南主烟区。这种气候有利于形成糖、氮、碱含量总体适中，钾含量偏低、石油醚提取物含量略高于滇中烤烟的烟叶。

The Influence of Climates during Field-growth Season onChemical Quality of Tobacco Leaf in Zhaotong Yunnan

In order to improve the quality of tobacco-leaf in Zhaotong Yunnan,the paper strived to explore the relationships between the climates in tobacco planting and chemical quality of tobacco.Based on numerous observed data related to tobacco quality and meteorological condition,contrast analysis method and Hierarchical clustering method were used to investigate tobacco climates in Yunnan Zhaotong and their influence on chemical quality of tobacco leaf.In this paper,the sorts of chemical quality of tobacco leaves yielded in Zhaotong were objectively compartmentalized.Then the causes that climatic conditions in Zhaotong were suitable to producing tobacco leaves of 4 chemical quality types were probed and finally discovered.And the superiority and defects of tobacco climates in Zhaotong were illustrated.Referring to the gross of three climatic elements （average temperature,rainfall and sunshine duration） during tobacco field-growth season,the tobacco planting area in Zhaotong was always inferior to most other tobacco planting areas in Yunnan and Guizhou province.But it surpassed most tobacco planting areas in Guizhou province in sunshine duration from April to June,and had an advantage over most other tobacco planting areas in Yunnan province in quantity of sunshine and heat from July to August.These climatic characteristics in Zhaotong were advantageous to the formation of its individualized chemical quality for tobacco leaf,which had medium sugar,nitrogen and nicotine but low potassium,still less content of petroleum ether extract （only slightly higher than the one for tobacco in central Yunnan）.