3YZ-80A型履带自走式玉米行间喷雾机设计与试验

针对玉米中后期封行后人工施药劳动强度大、作业效率低、传统喷雾机喷药穿透性差，且窄行距下机具行走稳定性差等问题，结合玉米种植农艺和冠层中部病虫害防治的要求，设计了3YZ-80A型履带自走式玉米行间喷雾机，该机主要由自适应仿形履带差速驱动底盘、Y形双喷头脉冲式喷雾装置、喷药监控系统组成，能够满足600mm以下的窄行距玉米冠层中部叶片喷施作业的空间要求。为了提高作业效率和喷雾效果，以喷射角、药液嘴位置、喷施距离为试验因素，雾滴体积中径D50为喷雾系统性能评价指标，开展二次旋转正交组合试验，利用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件对数据进行方差和响应面分析，建立试验因素与指标之间的数学回归模型，分析了显著因素对评价指标的影响变化规律，得到喷管最优组合参数：喷射角为60°、药液嘴在喷管上的位置为610mm、喷施距离为2.37m。田间试验结果表明，随着作业速度的提升有效防控区域显著降低，当作业速度在0.6~1.1m/s时，雾滴覆盖率大于10%的有效喷施幅宽为6~8m；当作业速度大于1.3m/s时，雾滴覆盖率大于10%的有效喷施幅宽不足4m。

Design and Experiment of 3YZ-80A Crawler Self-propelled Corn Interrow Sprayer

Aiming at the problems of high labor intensity, low efficiency, poor penetration of traditional plant protection machines, and poor walking stability under narrow row spacing in the middle and late stages of corn, 3YZ-80A crawler self-propelled corn interrow sprayer was designed according to the requirements of corn planting agronomy and pest control in the middle of canopy. The machine was mainly composed of an adaptive profile track differential drive chassis, a Y-type dual-nozzle pulse spray device, and a spray monitoring system, which can meet the space requirements for plant protection operations under the narrow row of corn leaves below 600mm. In order to improve operation efficiency and spray effect, the spray angle, nozzle position, and spraying distance were taken as experiment factors, the volume median diameter D50 was used as the performance evaluation index of spray system, the quadratic rotation orthogonal combination experiment was carried out. the variance and response surface analysis of the data were carried out by using Design-Expert 8.0.6 software, the mathematical regression model between the experimental factors and the indicators was established, and the significant factor was analyzed. The influence change rule of the evaluation index was obtained, and the optimal combination parameters of the nozzle were obtained: the Y-type spray angle was 60°, the position of the liquid nozzle on the nozzle was 0.61m, and the distance between the spray nozzle of the fog machine and the receiving surface was 2.37m. Field test results showed that with the increase of operating speed, the effective prevention and control area of the self-propelled interrow sprayer was significantly reduced;when the range was 0.6~1.1m/s, the droplet coverage was more than 10% effective. The spraying width was 6~8m;when it was greater than 1.3m/s, the effective spraying width with a droplet coverage greater than 10% was less than 4m. The research result can provide technical support for the development and improvement of narrow row spacing plant protection equipment applied to high-stem crops.