芝麻几个器官和花序的研究

对芝麻(Sesamum indicum L.)的几个器官和花序进行了观察和研究。芝麻叶腋内2个刺状物为苞叶。花冠筒内丝状物为退化雄蕊的短花丝。子房基部周围环状物为花内蜜腺。单蒴型芝麻果柄两侧圆形物为退化花的遗留物。芝麻花序定名为二歧聚伞花序。花序上的花可分为三级。单花型仅一级花开花,二级花退化,三级花未分化。三花型的一级花和二级花开花,三级花中止发育。多花型的一级花、二级花和有些三级花均可开花。这些观察结果对于芝麻栽培和育种工作都具有重要的指导意义。

Studies on Several Organs and the Inflorescence of Sesame

Several organs and the inflorescence of sesame (Sesamum idicum L.)were observed and studied. It was found that a pair of spines in its axilla are the bracts. The thread in the corolla is the short filament of a degenerated stamen. The ringshaped object around the base of ovary is the nectary. The globular objects at both either sides of the fruit stalk of single-capsule type sesame are residues of degenerated flowers. The inflorescence of sesame is named dicha-sium whose flowers could be divided into three grades. In single-flower types of sesame only the grade-1 folwers bloom, whereas the grade-2 flowers degenerate and the grade-3 flowers are not differentiated. In three-flower types the grade-1 and grade-2 flowers may bloom, but the grade-3 flowers are aborted. And in the multiple-flower types the grade-1, grade-2 and some grade-3 flowers may all be in bloom. It was considered that these results of observation may have important significance for guidance to culture practices and breeding works of sesame.