新桥国际机场昆虫群落与鸟类发生的相关性

掌握昆虫群落及其与机场飞鸟的关系可以从生态学角度出发，通过控制昆虫的发生进而降低鸟击频率。通过对新桥国际机场昆虫群落连续3年的调查（2016—2018年，共鉴定30 102 头昆虫），发现群落由12目89科184种昆虫构成，半翅目和鞘翅目为优势类群，每年的6—8月是昆虫高发期。机场鸟类共记录6目19科39种，雀形目为优势类群，以食虫鸟和杂食鸟为主，活动高峰期是7—8月，与昆虫的高发期高度吻合。冗余分析进一步表明，杂食鸟和食虫鸟数量与昆虫生物量呈显著正相关，半翅目和鞘翅目是影响鸟类数量的主要昆虫类群。聚类分析揭示出新桥机场主要有3类生境，围界内草坪和围界外草地是防治的重点区域。这些研究结果为机场防范鸟击事件从传统的物理化学手段到生态综合治理的发展提供了思路。

Structure of insect community and its correlationship with birds in Xinqiao International Airport, Hefei

Mastering the insect community and its relationship with the airport birds can control the occurrence of insects and thus reduce the bird strike frequency from the perspective of ecology. The insect community at Xinqiao International Airport was investigated over three consecutive years (from 2016 to 2018, a total of 30 102 insects were identified), and results revealed that the community was composed of 184 species, 89 families, 12 orders, of which, Hemiptera and Coleoptera were the dominant groups, and insect abundance was the highest between June and August every year. In total, 39 bird species from 19 families and 6 orders were recorded at the airport. Passerines, an insectivorous and omnivorous species (with an insect diet), were dominated. The peak activity occurred between July and August, consistent with insect outbreaks. Redundancy analysis further demonstrated that insectivorous and omnivorous bird populations were significantly positively correlated with the insect biomass, and Hemiptera and Coleoptera were the main insects affecting these numbers. Cluster analysis revealed the presence of three habitat types at Xinqiao International Airport, indicating that turf fields outside of the boundary and weed fields within the boundary represent the key areas to be controlled. These results provide some information beneficial for the prevention of bird strikes through comprehensive ecological management.