黄淮海麦茬大豆免耕覆秸精量播种栽培技术研究

黄淮海地区是我国重要的大豆生产区之一,该地区大豆的前茬作物为小麦,小麦收获后,田间麦秸量大,麦茬较高,大豆播种质量难以保证,进而影响大豆生长和产量形成。为破解上述生产难题,国家大豆产业技术体系经过多年协同攻关研发了麦茬大豆免耕覆秸精量播种技术。该技术可一次性完成秸秆侧向抛秸、分层施肥(药)、精量播种、覆土镇压、封闭除草等核心作业环节,同步实现了小麦秸秆全量还田、大豆精量播种和田间病虫草害的防治。本文结合多年来试验示范数据对麦茬大豆免耕覆秸精量播种技术进行了详细介绍,结果表明:免耕覆秸精量播种技术有效地解决了长期困扰黄淮海地区大豆生产的麦秸处理、大豆保苗和土壤培肥难题,增产增效显著。免耕覆秸精量播种技术在大豆生产过程中降低了生产成本,提高了大豆的种植效益,该技术在黄淮海地区具有广阔的应用前景。

No-tillage Plus Straw Mulching and Precise Sowing Cultivation Technology Research for Soybean after Winter Wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai Region

Huang-Huai-Hai region is one of the important soybean productivity regions in China.In this plain,the soybean plant was sowed after winter wheat.Because of the large amounts of wheat straw and higher stubble,the sowing quality of soybean was very poor (non-uniform seed depth or spacing),which had negative effect on soybean growth and yield formation.In order to solve the above problems,a new cultivation technology,including straw total turnover,precise sowing and pest management,was developed by the national soybean industrial technology system through collaborative research for many years.In this paper,the cultivation technology was introduced in detail combining with the experimental data.The results showed that this new cultivation technology was powerful to synchronously resolve the sticky questions of wheat residue management,soybean seedlings protection,and soil fertility improvement,and the stimulation effect was remarkable.The new cultivation technology can reduce the production cost and improve economic benefit in the process of soybean productivity,which has broad application prospects in Huang-Huai-Hai region.