俄罗斯联邦大豆产业现状及研究进展（英文）

俄罗斯土地资源丰富,人均耕地面积位居世界前五位。近年来,俄罗斯大豆种植业快速发展,2016年全俄大豆总产量达334万t,其中,位于俄罗斯远东地区的阿穆尔州大豆产量约占全俄大豆总产量1/3,在全俄7个大豆主产州中居首位。值得注意的是,近年来俄罗斯大豆进口量显著增加。2014-2016年,全俄大豆年进口量约为200万t,而远东地区因地理优势则出口大豆到中国。俄罗斯大豆育种工作始于1912年,目前大豆育种工作主要由农业科研院所和农业大学承担。2016年,俄罗斯自育大豆品种约占合格种子总销售量的70%,外国品种约占30%。本文分析了俄罗斯联邦大豆生产和贸易动态,介绍了栽培耕作制度、大豆科研体系、大豆育种和种子产业发展等方面的现状,并讨论了该国大豆产业发展趋势,以期为读者提供俄罗斯这个潜在大豆主产国的总体情况。

Current Status of the Soybean Industry and Research in the Russian Federation

Russia has abundant land resources,and the per capita arable land area is ranked in the top five in the world.In recent years,soybean planting has experienced rapid growth in Russia,and the soybean production in the Amur Region of the Far East District was nearly 1/3 of the 3.34 million t of total domestic production in 2016,maintaining its leadership among the 7 major soybean planting regions in this country.Notably,the soybean imports of Russia have increased significantly,and a total of approximately 2 million t of soybeans were imported annually over the 3 years of 2014-2016.However,the Far Eastern regions have exported soybeans to China due to its geographical advantages.The initial soybean breeding works in Russia began in 1912 and the major soybean breeding research in this century has been contributed by the research institutes and the agricultural universities in Russia.In 2016,domestic soybean varieties accounted for approximately 70％,and the introduced foreign varieties occupied 30％ of the total standard planting seeds.This paper analyses the dynamic of soybean production and trade,introduces the current state of processing,cultural and fanning practices,research system,breeding progress and seed industry,etc.,and discusses the prospect of soybean industry in the Russian Federation,in order to present an overview of this potential big soybean producer in the world.