基于土壤湿度参数的自动化节水灌溉装置在草坪绿地上的应用

草坪建植和养护需要消耗大量水资源,而我国人均淡水量仅有2240 m^3,是世界平均淡水拥有水平的1/4,因此,草坪业在我国发展缓慢,群众接受度较低。基于土壤湿度参数的绿地草坪自动化节水灌溉装置由控制器、传感器、电磁阀及中央控制器构成,理论核心是草坪调亏灌溉理论。装置通过在草坪土层中安装测定土壤持水量的传感器,采集土壤湿度信息,将数据反馈给控制终端,控制终端结合草坪草的性质及传感器反馈的信息,确定出该草坪所处的水分需求状态,从而通过控制电磁阀开闭来控制灌溉量,对灌溉进行有效调控。该装置具备数据采集、灌溉控制、参数设置和数据处理等功能,可以精准控制土壤湿度,减少草坪耗水量、提高水分利用率,并设置适当水分胁迫,使草坪在更低的耗水量下长势更优。该文论述了装置的组成及运行原理,并结合市场现有灌溉装置进行对比与分析。结果表明,该装置实现了对草坪需水程度的实时监测与智能调控,减少无效灌溉,提升灌溉效率,可以发展出以减少灌溉定额、提升草坪质量为目的的新型灌溉模式,降低草坪养护成本。

Application of Automatic Water Conservation Irrigation Device Based on Soil Moisture Parameter on Turfed Area

China has only 2240 cubic meters of fresh water per capita，one-fourth of the world′s average.However，lawn planting and maintenance need a lot of water，which makes the lawn industry develop slowly in China and lack of public acceptance.Based on soil moisture parameters，the automatic water-saving irrigation device for lawn mainly consisted of controller，sensor，solenoid valve，and central controller.Its theoretical core was regulated deficit irrigation theory of lawn.The moisture sensor installed in the soil could collect soil moisture information and feed the data back to control terminal.According to characteristics of turfgrass and feedback information of sensors，the control terminal determined water demand state of the lawn，so as to control irrigation amount by controlling opening and closing of electromagnetic valve and realize effective irrigation control.The device could be used for data collection，irrigation control，parameter setting and data processing，keeping soil moisture within a reasonable range for improving water efficiency and reducing water consumption.Composition and application principle of this device was discussed and application advantages of different devices were analyzed based on the existing automatic irrigation devices in the market.Results showed that device could realize real-time monitoring and intelligent control of lawn water demand，and adjust lawn irrigation amount with regulated deficit irrigation theory，at the same time reduce ineffective irrigation and improve irrigation efficiency so that it could develop a new irrigation mode that reduced irrigation quota and improved lawn quality，and reduced lawn maintenance cost.