Impact of thermal power plant emissions on vegetation and soil

Studies were made to assess the impact of a thermal power plant located at Obra on vegetation and soil in surrounding areas. Pollutant concentration in the area gradually decreased along a belt in the prevailing wind direction and a gradient of structural and functional changes in plants and soil was observed. Natural vegetation in the area varied significantly at different sites and on the basis of plant responses can be classified as insensitive, intermediate and sensitive.

The effect of the power plant emissions on soil and eco-physiological characteristics such as pH, organic matter and N, P, K and S concentrations in soil; leaf injury symptoms, number and distribution of plant species; chlorophyll content in leaves, percentages of photosynthetically active leaf area; accumulation of N, P, K, and S in leaves etc. seemed to be a function of the pollutant gradient existing in the area. There was a relationship between plant responses and changes in the chemical factors of soil and plants due to pollution. This study indicates possible elimination of plant species, first the trees then the shrubs and lastly the herbs and grasses from the environs of the thermal power plant. The increase in soil acidity in the area may cause cation-anion imbalance and microbe population reduction to affect soil fertility.